Objective-In mast cell (MC) neoplasms, clinical problems requiring therapy include i) the local aggressive and sometimes devastating growth of MC and ii) mediator-related symptoms. A key mediator of MC responsible for clinical symptoms is histamine. Therefore, the use of histamine receptor (HR) antagonists is an established approach to block histamine effects in these patients.Methods and Results-We screened for additional beneficial effects of HR antagonists and asked whether any of these agents would also exert growth-inhibitory effects on primary neoplastic MC, the human MC line HMC-1, and on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1. We found that the HR1 antagonists terfenadine and loratadine suppress spontaneous growth of HMC-1, C2, and NI-1 cells, as well as growth of primary neoplastic MC in all donors tested (human patients, n=5; canine patients, n=8). The effects of both drugs were found to be dose-dependent (IC 50 : terfenadine, 1-20 μM; loratadine, 10-50 μM). Both agents also produced apoptosis in neoplastic MC and augmented apoptosis-inducing effects of two KIT-targeting drugs, PKC412 and dasatinib. The other HR1 antagonists (fexofenadine, diphenhydramine) and HR2 antagonists (famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine) tested did not exert substantial growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic MC. None of the histamine receptor blockers were found to modulate cell cycle progression in neoplastic MC.
Conclusions-The
Europe PMC Funders Group
Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts (terfenadine) alone or in combination with KIT-inhibitors, can also affect in vivo neoplastic MC growth remains to be determined.