The CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;  release and Oxygen uptake from Fossil Fuel Emission Estimate (COFFEE) dataset: effects from varying oxidative ratios

Steinbach, J.; Gerbig, Christoph; Rödenbeck, Christian; Karstens, Ute; Minejima, Chika; Mukai, Hirofumi

doi:10.5194/acp-11-6855-2011

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Steinbach et al . () considered the influence of varying CS on the estimation of f land but what about the value of

{OR}_{normalterra}^{global}

? The value of OR stated in numerous studies is 1.1 (Langenfelds et al ., ; Battle et al ., ; IPCC, ), but this value was based upon a study of the Biosphere 2 experiment (Severinghaus, ) that did not set out to measure an OR value applicable to the global terrestrial biosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

Worrall

Clay

Macdonald

2015

Soil Use and Management

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The oxidative ratio (the ratio of moles of O2 produced per mole CO2 sequestered – OR) of the organic matter in the terrestrial biosphere governs the ability of the terrestrial biosphere to uptake CO2. The value of OR is known to vary between environments, but it would also be expected to vary with management. This study measured the OR of plant and soil samples from the long‐term grassland plots on the Park Grass experiment at Rothamsted (SE England). The selected plots included those with different fertilizer inputs, including farmyard manure or inorganic fertilizers and an unfertilized control, each with and without lime. The measurements show that: (i) Use of inorganic fertilizer caused the OR of soil organic matter to increase. (ii) Farmyard manure (FYM) caused OR of the soil to increase but that of the vegetation decreased. (iii) Liming had the effect of decreasing OR and counteracting effects of fertilizer. (iv) The OR of the ecosystem increased with FYM application but decreased with inorganic fertilizer application. The global pattern in the use of organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers suggests that the likely impact of the predicted increase in global inorganic fertilizer use will result in a net decrease in the OR of the organic matter of the terrestrial biosphere, and an increase in its ability to act as a carbon sink. Corresponding increases in global FYM use and its impact upon global OR are unlikely to be large enough to counteract this effect.

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“…Steinbach et al . () considered the influence of varying CS on the estimation of f land but what about the value of

{OR}_{normalterra}^{global}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that Steinbach et al . () have shown the impact of varying CS on global C fluxes, is a value of 1.1 for the global OR appropriate? When OR is measured for individual ecosystems, values are rarely 1.1 (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

Worrall

Clay

Macdonald

2015

Soil Use and Management

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“…CESM suggests that fossil fuel emissions, largely in the Northern Hemisphere, contribute about 0.5 ppm to the CO 2 gradient for the campaign average below 5 km (Fig. 7c), which equates to about 3 per meg in the O 2 gradient using −1.4 as the average O 2 /CO 2 combustion ratio (Steinbach et al 2011). The model suggests that fluxes from land impart very little vertical structure to the CO 2 profile, indicating that the ORCAS measurements are largely reflective of Southern Ocean influences (light blue; Fig.…”

Section: O Rc a S C A M Pa I G N D E S C R I P Ti O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study

Stephens

Long

Keeling

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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A s the primary conduit for CO 2 and heat exchange between the atmosphere and the deep ocean, the Southern Ocean is an important part of the climate system. Approximately 40% of the ocean's inventory of anthropogenic carbon entered through the air-sea interface south of 40°S (Khatiwala et al. 2009), and the region will continue to serve as an important carbon sink into the future (Ito et al. 2015). Despite its importance, the processes controlling air-sea gas exchange in the Southern Ocean are poorly represented by models. This was highlighted in a recent comparison of models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), wherein the simulated seasonal cycles of air-sea CO 2 exchange with the Southern Ocean were widely divergent and in poor agreement with observational estimates (Anav et al. 2013;Jiang et al. 2014), suggesting possible model biases in the timing, spatial A recent Southern Ocean airborne campaign collected continuous, discrete, and remote sensing measurements to investigate biogeochemical and physical processes driving air-sea exchange of CO 2 , O 2 , and reactive biogenic gases.

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“…EDGAR is an annually varying database, but we apply time factors in order to provide hourly emissions. The time factors for seasonal, daily, and diurnal variations are based on the step-function time profiles published on the former EDGAR website: http: //themasites.pbl.nl/images/temporal-variation-TROTREP_ POET_doc_v2_tcm61-47632.xls (see Kretschmer et al, 2014;Steinbach et al, 2011, for further details). WRF-GHG simulations using these EDGAR emissions are treated as the real distribution of atmospheric CO 2 (hereafter referred to as "true CO 2 conc.…”

Section: Fossil Fuel Emission Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking city CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from space using a high-resolution inverse modelling approach: a case study for Berlin, Germany

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Currently, 52 % of the world's population resides in urban areas and as a consequence, approximately 70 % of fossil fuel emissions of CO 2 arise from cities. This fact, in combination with large uncertainties associated with quantifying urban emissions due to lack of appropriate measurements, makes it crucial to obtain new measurements useful to identify and quantify urban emissions. This is required, for example, for the assessment of emission mitigation strategies and their effectiveness. Here, we investigate the potential of a satellite mission like Carbon Monitoring Satellite (CarbonSat) which was proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) to retrieve the city emissions globally, taking into account a realistic description of the expected retrieval errors, the spatiotemporal distribution of CO 2 fluxes, and atmospheric transport. To achieve this, we use (i) a high-resolution modelling framework consisting of the Weather Research Forecasting model with a greenhouse gas module (WRF-GHG), which is used to simulate the atmospheric observations of column-averaged CO 2 dry air mole fractions (XCO 2 ), and (ii) a Bayesian inversion method to derive anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and their errors from the CarbonSat XCO 2 observations. We focus our analysis on Berlin, Germany using CarbonSat's cloud-free overpasses for 1 reference year. The dense (wide swath) CarbonSat simulated observations with high spatial resolution (approximately 2 km × 2 km) permits one to map the city CO 2 emission plume with a peak enhancement of typically 0.8-1.35 ppm relative to the background. By performing a Bayesian inversion, it is shown that the random error (RE) of the retrieved Berlin CO 2 emission for a single overpass is typically less than 8-10 Mt CO 2 yr −1 (about 15-20 % of the total city emission). The range of systematic errors (SEs) of the retrieved fluxes due to various sources of error (measurement, modelling, and inventories) is also quantified. Depending on the assumptions made, the SE is less than about 6-10 Mt CO 2 yr −1 for most cases. We find that in particular systematic modelling-related errors can be quite high during the summer months due to substantial XCO 2 variations caused by biogenic CO 2 fluxes at and around the target region. When making the extreme worst-case assumption that biospheric XCO 2 variations cannot be modelled at all (which is overly pessimistic), the SE of the retrieved emission is found to be larger than 10 Mt CO 2 yr −1 for about half of the sufficiently cloud-free overpasses, and for some of the overpasses we found that SE may even be on the order of magnitude of the anthropogenic emission. This indicates that biogenic XCO 2 variations cannot be neglected but must be considered during forward and/or inverse modelling. Overall, we conclude that a satellite mission such as CarbonSat has high potential to obtain city-scale CO 2 emissions as needed to enhance our current understanding of anthropogenic carbon fluxes, and that CarbonSat-like satellites should be an important component of ...

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The CO<sub>2</sub> release and Oxygen uptake from Fossil Fuel Emission Estimate (COFFEE) dataset: effects from varying oxidative ratios

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study

Tracking city CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from space using a high-resolution inverse modelling approach: a case study for Berlin, Germany

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The CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; release and Oxygen uptake from Fossil Fuel Emission Estimate (COFFEE) dataset: effects from varying oxidative ratios

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

The impact of fertilizer management on the oxidation status of terrestrial organic matter

The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study

Tracking city CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from space using a high-resolution inverse modelling approach: a case study for Berlin, Germany

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The CO<sub>2</sub> release and Oxygen uptake from Fossil Fuel Emission Estimate (COFFEE) dataset: effects from varying oxidative ratios

Tracking city CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from space using a high-resolution inverse modelling approach: a case study for Berlin, Germany