The CO2 compensation point, photosynthesis and respiration in rust infected bean leaves

Raggi, V.

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(78)90080-2

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Increased dark respiration rate (Rd) of rusted leaves after the first symptom has already been reported (Daly et al, 1961;Livne, 1964;Raggi, 1978;Lopes, 1999;Bassanezi et al, 2001). The respiratory rate reached a maximal value and stayed high during all the sporulation process, which meant that intense metabolic activity of the pathogen and host cells occurred at this stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The disease process that is a result of the interaction between a pathogen and its host leads to changes in several physiological processes of the host plant, including dark respiration, photosynthesis, translocation of water and nutrients, transpiration, and regulation of growth (Lucas, 1998). Fungal infection generally reduces the photosynthetic rate by decreasing functional leaf area and reducing the photosynthetic efficiency of the remaining green leaf area (Livne, 1964; Raggi, 1978; Boote et al., 1980; Bastiaans, 1991; Shtienberg, 1992; Bassanezi et al., 1997, 2000; 2001). Dark respiration of leaves usually rises after infection (Daly et al., 1961; Raggi, 1978; Owera et al., 1981; Martin, 1986; Bassanezi et al., 2001) in consequence of increased metabolic activity of cells of the diseased leaf (Lucas, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal infection generally reduces the photosynthetic rate by decreasing functional leaf area and reducing the photosynthetic efficiency of the remaining green leaf area (Livne, 1964; Raggi, 1978; Boote et al., 1980; Bastiaans, 1991; Shtienberg, 1992; Bassanezi et al., 1997, 2000; 2001). Dark respiration of leaves usually rises after infection (Daly et al., 1961; Raggi, 1978; Owera et al., 1981; Martin, 1986; Bassanezi et al., 2001) in consequence of increased metabolic activity of cells of the diseased leaf (Lucas, 1998). The transpiration rate can go up or down during the infection process, depending on the pathosystem (Duniway and Durbin, 1971; Owera et al., 1981; Martin, 1986; Ephrath et al., 1989; McGrath and Pennypacker, 1990; Shtienberg, 1992; Bassanezi et al., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Exchange and Emission of Chlorophyll Fluorescence during the Monocycle of Rust, Angular Leaf Spot and Anthracnose on Bean Leaves as a Function of their Trophic Characteristics

Bassanezi

Amorim

Filho

et al. 2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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Measurements related to gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were taken from healthy and diseased bean leaves with rust, angular leaf spot, and anthracnose during lesion development for each disease. The experiments were performed at different temperatures of plant incubation, and using two bean cultivars. The main effect of temperature of plant incubation was in disease development. There was no significant difference between cultivars in relation to disease development and in magnitude of physiological alterations when disease severity was the same for each cultivar. These diseases reduced the net photosynthetic rate and increased the dark respiration of infected leaves after the appearance of visible symptoms and the differences between healthy and diseased leaves increased with disease development. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were stable during the monocycle of rust, however, these two variables decreased in leaves with angular leaf spot and anthracnose beginning with symptom appearance and continuing until lesion development was complete. Carboxylation resistance was probably the main factor related to reduction of photosynthetic rate of the apparently healthy area of leaves with rust and angular leaf spot. Reduction of the intercellular concentration of CO2, due to higher stomatal resistance, was probably the main factor for leaves with anthracnose. Chlorophyll fluorescence assessments suggested that there was no change in electron transport capacity and generation of ATP and NADPH in apparently healthy areas of diseased leaves, but decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence emission occurred on visibly lesioned areas for all diseases. Minimal fluorescence was remarkably reduced in leaves with angular leaf spot. Maximal fluorescence and optimal quantum yield of photosystem II of leaves were reduced for all three diseases. Bean rust, caused by a biotrophic pathogen, induced less damage to the regulation mechanisms of the physiological processes of the remaining green area of diseased leaves than did bean angular leaf spot or anthracnose, caused by hemibiotrophic pathogens. The magnitude of photosynthesis reduction can be related to the host–pathogen trophic relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Exchange and Emission of Chlorophyll Fluorescence during the Monocycle of Rust, Angular Leaf Spot and Anthracnose on Bean Leaves as a Function of their Trophic Characteristics

Bassanezi

Amorim

Filho

et al. 2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Durbin, 1971;Van der Wai et al, 1975). Decreases in net photosynthesis have been observed in rusted barley (Ahmad et al, 1984) and wheat Mitchell, 1979), the decrease being pre- ceded by a transient stimulation in P. vulgaris (Yarwood, 1959), Vigna sesquipedalis Frowirth (So & Thrower, 1976a), groundnut (Subrahmanyam et al, 1976) and Pinto bean (Raggi, 1978). Increased dark respiration is a general response shown by plant tissue to fungal invasion (Daly, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rust and post‐infection drought on photosynthesis, growth and water relations in groundsel

Paul

Ayres

1984

Plant Pathology

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Exchanges of CO2 and water vapour were examined in groundsel, Senecio vulgaris, grown and infected with rust, Puccinia lagenophorae, under laboratory conditions. The effects of drouglit were examined by withholding water from plants from 2 days until approximately 10 days after infection, after which further daily water losses were restored. Net photosynthesis was inhibited and dark respiration was stimulated in rust-infected leaves but, in young healthy leaves on the same plant, gross and net photosynthesis were stimulated and photorespiration was inhibited. The growth of plants was stunted 15 days after infection because the growth of leaf area was inhibited and, thereby, the photosynthetic capacity of the plant was reduced. Drought inhibited the growth of leaf area in both healthy and infected plants and, when combined with rust, had additive deleterious effects on net photosynthesis per plant and on growth. After sporulation, rusted plants transpired more rapidly than did healthy controls and leaf water potential fell to reach -0-95 and-1-92 MPa in well-watered and drouglit-stressed plants respectively, compared with -0-18 and -1 -2 MPa in healthy controls, 20 days after infection. Rust impaired the normal increase in Water-Use Efficiency in response to drought.

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“…Rust fungi and other biotrophic pathogens cause a decline in the rate of net photosynthesis of their hosts (Livne, 1964;Magyarosy, Schurmann & Buchanan, 1976;Fllis, Ferree & Spring, 1981;Owera, Farrar & Whitbread, 1981). This reduction has been attributed to altered rates of diffusion of CO^ into and within a leaf (Owera et al, 1981), destruction of chloroplasts within developing lesions (Ahmad, Farrar & Whitbread, 1983), increased host (Daly, 1976) and fungal (Raggi, 1980) respiration, inhibition of the light reactions of photosynthesis (Montalbini & Buchanan, 1974) and fungal sequestration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the host cytoplasm (Whipps & Lewis, 1981). The concentration of Pi in the cytoplasm is thought to play a role in determining the rate of photosynthesis via its stoichiometric exchange with dihydroxyacetone phosphate across the phosphate translocator at the chloroplast inner membrane (Herold, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Rates of Photosynthesis in Localized Regions of a Barley Leaf Infected With Brown Rust

Scholes

Farrar

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe rate of photosynthesis was examined in whole leaves of barley infected with brown rust {Puccinia hordei Otth.) and within localized regions of the infected leaf, within brown rust pustules and in regions between them, from flecking to green island formation. In addition, oxygen evolution was measured from localized regions of a rusted leaf after feeding with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to investigate the hypothesis that fungal sequestration of Pi from the host cytoplasm may, totally or partially, be responsible for the decline in photosynthesis. The rate of net photosynthesis and the quantum yield of oxygen evolution declined in whole infected leaves as the disease progressed. However, the rate of gross photosynthesis (per unit chlorophyll) was increased in rusted leaves. Autoradiographic and oxygen evolution studies showed that the decline in net photosynthesis could be attributed largely to a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis in the regions between pustules. Within areas of the leaf invaded by the fungus, gross photosynthesis was increased in comparison to control tissue. Feeding leaf tissue with Pi did not significantly increase the rate of photosynthesis in pustules or regions between pustules, implying that Pi was not previously limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Possible mechanisms underlying the increase and decrease in photosynthesis in different regions of an infected leaf are discussed.

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The CO2 compensation point, photosynthesis and respiration in rust infected bean leaves

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Gas Exchange and Emission of Chlorophyll Fluorescence during the Monocycle of Rust, Angular Leaf Spot and Anthracnose on Bean Leaves as a Function of their Trophic Characteristics

Gas Exchange and Emission of Chlorophyll Fluorescence during the Monocycle of Rust, Angular Leaf Spot and Anthracnose on Bean Leaves as a Function of their Trophic Characteristics

Effects of rust and post‐infection drought on photosynthesis, growth and water relations in groundsel

Increased Rates of Photosynthesis in Localized Regions of a Barley Leaf Infected With Brown Rust

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