The Coagulation Defect in Hemophilia: Studies of the Clot Promoting Activity Associated With Plasma Euglobulin in Hemophilia 1

Lozner, Eugene L.; Taylor, F. J. R.

doi:10.1172/jci101099

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Those samples of plasma exposed to the other three surfaces for the same length of time had markedly prolonged coagulation times. It has recently been reported that there exists in cell-free citrated normal human plasma a factor, independent of prothrombin and fibrinogen (8,9), capable of reducing the coagulation time of hemophilic blood in vivo and in vitro. The effect of foreign surfaces on this plasma factor was studied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Foreign Surfaces on Blood Coagulation 12

Lozner¹,

Taylor²,

MacDonald³

1942

J. Clin. Invest.

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In the United States, the two-stage theory of blood coagulation is widely accepted. This theory recently reviewed by Quick (1) and Eagle (2) suggests that in the first stage prothrombin, calcium ion and thromboplastin interact to form thrombin. Thrombin, in the second stage, converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Plasma thromboplastin has been considered to be of platelet origin. The phenomenon of the initiation of coagulation when blood is shed has been considered by many investigators to be due to the disintegration of platelets with the release of thromboplastin.It has been known for many years that the coagulation time of blood taken in paraffin tubes is much longer than that of blood taken in glass tubes. The explanation usually offered for this phenomenon is that the glass, acting as a foreign surface, destroys the platelets at a more rapid rate than occurs in the presence of paraffin. The increased amount of thromboplastin so liberated is then considered to be responsible for the shorter coagulation time in glass vessels. Nolf (3) has criticized this explanation. He states that his experimental data indicate that cell-and platelet-free plasma already contains all of the factors necessary for blood coagulation. He believes that the initiation of coagulation is the result of the direct modification of one or more of the constituents of cellfree plasma by contact with a foreign surface such as glass.In view of this difference of opinion, it seemed advisable to reinvestigate the role which foreign surfaces play in the blood coagulation reaction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clot-promoting activity for hemophilic blood is associated with the euglobulin fraction of cellfree plasma (8,9). This fraction has been called in publications from this laboratory "globulin substance" and by Howell (10) "plasma thromboplastin."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Foreign Surfaces on Blood Coagulation 12

Lozner¹,

Taylor²,

MacDonald³

1942

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Although its activity is not quite so high as that of some thromboplastins of animal origin, it has the great advantage of containing only human material, and therefore introduces no heterologous protein when added to human plasma protein fractions." 14 (40,41) for the fractions which shorten the clotting time of hemophilic blood suggest that the active component is not so labile as prothrombin.…”

Section: Fibrinogen and Fibrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Xv. The Proteins Concerned in the Blood Coagulation Mechanism 12

Edsall¹,

Ferry²,

Armstrong³

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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The profound biological significance of the clotting of blood needs no emphasis here; the vast number of studies of the process which have been carried out testify sufficiently to its importance, and also show clearly the incompleteness of our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.4The properties of fibrinogen solutions and of fibrin clots may be profoundly modified in many ways by suitable variations in the conditions of preparation. Thus a wide variety of products is obtainable. In the subsequent papers of this series, the properties and uses of several of these, namely, fibrin clots, fibrinogen plastics, fibrin films, and foams made of fibrinogen and thrombin, will be considered. Here, we shall discuss the properties of certain preparations of protein fractions from human plasma, which may be obtained in active and stable form and which possess specific action on the various aspects of the blood clotting mechanism.The fundamental feature of this mechanism is the transformation of a solution of the protein fibrinogen into the rigid insoluble fibrin clot. This transformation does not occur spontaneously in solutions of suffi8ient purity, but is nor-

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“…Furthermore, it was shown that such activity was associated with the plasma euglobulin of normal plasma (2) and was deficient in hemophilic blood (3). The preceding paper (4) has shown that this antihemophilic activity is largely present in Fractions I and III-2, obtained in the separation of the various globulin fractions of the plasma proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%