The coal/Fe3O4 system for mixing of solar and fossil energies

Tamaura, Yutaka; Wada, Yuji; Yoshida, Toshiki; Tsuji, Masamichi; Ehrensberger, K.; Steinfeld, Aldo

doi:10.1016/s0360-5442(96)00111-9

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The potential benefits of molten salt for solar gasification were first demonstrated by Epstein [5], and subsequently investigated by several research groups [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Recently, the solar gasification of coal and activated carbon with CO 2 in molten salt has also been investigated [9,11,[14][15][16]. The rate of the CO 2 gasification of activated carbon increased by 150% when molten salt was present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2a reveals typical morphology of pristine c-Al 2 O 3 support and Fig. 2b reveals morphology of the synthesized Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst after calcination and reduction at temperature of 1123 K. The SEM image of pristine Al 2 O 3 has relatively round shape with sugar apple-like surface and a nominal diameter of about 80 lm whereas the morphology of Al 2 O 3 was unchanged after calcination and reduction at such high temperature for 4 h. Percentage of Ni on Al 2 O 3 surface, as analyzed with EDS, was 16.1 wt%, which is consistent with the calculated amount of 15 wt% prior to impregnation.Al-Ali et al[28] varied Ni loading(10,15, and 20 wt%) on Al 2 O 3 support for CO 2 reforming of CH 4 in molten carbonate salt and found that a 15 wt% loading provided the highest H 2 yield and the lowest carbon deposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

Ratchahat

Kodama

Tanthapanichakoon

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

Ratchahat

Kodama

Tanthapanichakoon

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Fe 2 O 3 was used to improve reburning efficiency by reducing HCN to N 2 while Fe 2 O 3 was reduced to Fe at the same time [23,24]. Results showed that methane could reduce iron oxides to metallic iron via partial oxidation over iron oxides [25][26][27][28]. However there was little study on the combination of Fe and methane for NOx reduction, in particular, their effect on characteristics of NO reduction and their interactions were not clearly understood so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO reduction by methane over iron oxides: Characteristics and mechanisms

Zhao

Deng

2015

Fuel

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“…This is highly endothermic and involves the mixing [5][6][7] offossil energy (coal) and solar energy as a process heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Water-splitting on Carbothermally Reduced Wüstite for Solar/Chemical Energy Conversion

et al. 1998

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-The possibility of the incorporation of solar energy by solar thermochemical water-splitting with WOstite, which is the 2nd step H2 production in Fe30Jcoal redox process for solar/fossil energy mixing, was studied kinetically. The reaction formed efficiently molecular hydrogen and cation-excess magnetite. The reaction rate was greatly dependent on reaction temperature and H20 steam flow rate. The H2 volume generated by the reaction gave the maximum value (76 % of theoretical value) at 873K. I . INTRODUCTIONSolar thermochemical process has been the current subjects for introducing the solar energy into the primary energy system. Several thermochemical systems have been studied for harnessing the concentrated sun light as the process heat. They include carbothermal redox process by Steinfeld et al. [1][2], methane reforming with CO 2 producing the syngas [3], and ammonia decomposition [4].The carbothermal redox process uses fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.Coal will be primarily important from long-term strategy consideration instead of relatively high-quality natural gas, i.e., C~.Coal-magnetite redox process is the first step of the overall solar carbothermal process:where x is the mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon content in the coal. This is highly endothermic and involves the mixing [5][6][7] offossil energy (coal) and solar energy as a process heat.Solar reactor experiments using a high-flux irradiation of 300W/cm 2 using a PSI solar system showed that the carbon decreased rapidly within only 1 sec of exposure, suggesting efficient heat transfer and chemical conversion by direct absorption of concentrated solar energy at the reaction site. The water-splitting is thesecond solar step, producing Hl and Fe304. The latter material is recycled to the first solar process. The proposed solar thermochemical process offers the possibility of performing simultaneously gasification of coal and reduction of iron oxide and also producing a fuel with an upgraded calorific value. The above process needs to be fast enough to follow the first step (1) to perform effectively the overall solar gasification and water-splitting. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the reaction kinetics ofEq.(2). . EXPERIMENTAL A. SpecimensThe non-stoichiometric wiistites used in this investigation were prepared from Fe304. The samples prepared and reacted with water were identified by X-ray diffractometry with FeKa. radiation (Rigaku X-ray diffractometer, model RAD-2A). Thermogravimetry (TG) was used to determine the oxygen content of the wiistite samples. B. Water splitting by H 2 0-wustite systemThe reaction cell was set in an infrared furnace (Shinku-Riko, model RHL-E45P). The sample feeder was fixed on the top of the reaction cell via a flexible silicone tube connector. H 2 01 Ar diluent gases were introduced through the sample feeder and the reaction cell. The concentrations of the H2 gas in the outlet gases were determined by gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detector(GC-TCD) (Shimadzu G...

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The coal/Fe3O4 system for mixing of solar and fossil energies

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

NO reduction by methane over iron oxides: Characteristics and mechanisms

Study of Water-splitting on Carbothermally Reduced Wüstite for Solar/Chemical Energy Conversion

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The coal/Fe3O4 system for mixing of solar and fossil energies

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

Combined molten salt–Ni/Al2O3 as synergistic medium for high-quality syngas production

NO reduction by methane over iron oxides: Characteristics and mechanisms

Study of Water-splitting on Carbothermally Reduced W&uuml;stite for Solar/Chemical Energy Conversion

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Study of Water-splitting on Carbothermally Reduced Wüstite for Solar/Chemical Energy Conversion