The coast is clear: Shipping emission standards, air quality and infant health

Lindgren, Samuel

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.103067

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Efforts to identify sources or important components can lead to actionable interventions. For example, researchers found that stricter caps in Europe on sulfur content in marine fuel led to 22% reductions in sulfur dioxide gas and 6% reductions in PM 2.5 , which in turn resulted in a 7% reduced risk of LBW 61 . Similar policies have been implemented in California 62 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM2.5 sources and components on birthweight

O’Sharkey,

Xu,

Cabison

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-h personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions evaluated the association between personal PM2.5 sources/components and birthweight, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, race, infant sex, parity, diabetes status, temperature, maternal education, and smoking history. Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3295.8 g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) µg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI − 197.7, − 0.6), and aged sea salt was associated with a 70.1 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI − 141.7, 1.4). Magnesium, sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM2.5 sources and components on birthweight

O’Sharkey,

Xu,

Cabison

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has worked hard to eliminate both accidental and purposeful ship pollution. MARPOL, one of the most important international agreements for the maritime environment (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Several studies have shown that more international legislation are needed to review vesselrelated air pollution caused by ship traffic emissions [Lindgren, 2021].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Mixed Reality and UAS Technology in Port Decision-Making Process Based on PASSport Project

Gucma,

Muczynski,

Bilewski

et al. 2024

TransNav

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It is becoming increasingly important to provide a solution for managing the present mission and status of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles operating on site in large and complex port locations. More ports are implementing digital twin systems, which provide a complete 3D reconstruction of the port as well as real-time data on all objects and actions in progress. It is challenging to provide all relevant data in a way that improves situational awareness and decision-making, resulting in improved management and a faster, more effective response during an emergency. This is due to greater port areas and drones operating in the air, on the waterʹs surface, and underneath. To solve this issue, the PASSport initiative, a project financed by the European Space Agency (EUSPA), is developing an innovative solution based on Mixed Reality (MR) technology. The solution combines real-time geo-tagged and Earth Observation data to provide end users with enhanced 3D representation of the port area via a dedicated Head Mounted Display (HMD) that records user location and movement.

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Effect of the low sulphur regulations of maritime fuels on ambient air quality: a case study in the Bosphorus strait

Ekmekçioğlu,

Çelebi,

Ünlügençoğlu

et al. 2024

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The maritime transportation sector poses a significant environmental risk due to its reliance on fossil fuels and its proximity to coastal areas. To address this issue, the International Maritime Organization, authorized by the IPCC, is responsible for reducing and preventing ship-borne emissions. The International Maritime Organization regularly updates emission prevention measures through annual MEPC meetings, particularly under the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, to adapt to changing conditions. In this study, we utilized a bottom-up approach to calculate the emissions of NOX, SO2, CO, and PM10 emitted by ships transiting through the Istanbul Bosphorus from 2014 to 2021. We employed the AERMOD air quality dispersion model to generate SO2 spatial distribution maps, focusing on the year 2014 with the highest pollutant release. The obtained results were compared with measurements from air quality monitoring stations, allowing us to evaluate the contribution of maritime SO2 emissions to overall Bosphorus pollution. Furthermore, we also examined the impact of low sulfur fuel usage after the sulphur was reduced from 3.5 to 0.5% by mass, in accordance with the regulations put into effect by IMO in 2020.

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The coast is clear: Shipping emission standards, air quality and infant health

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM2.5 sources and components on birthweight

Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM2.5 sources and components on birthweight

The Application of Mixed Reality and UAS Technology in Port Decision-Making Process Based on PASSport Project

Effect of the low sulphur regulations of maritime fuels on ambient air quality: a case study in the Bosphorus strait

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