The coast redwoods (Sequoia, Taxodiaceae) from the Eocene of Heilongjiang and the Miocene of Yunnan, China

Qiang, Ma; Li, Fenglan; Li, Cheng‐Sen

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.03.002

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Using two different mutation rate calibrations for conifer K s divergence, one from the literature and one obtained by assuming that a K s of 1.5 corresponds to a duplication event dated at 319 Myr ago (Ma), we estimated the timing of the first WGD in Sequoia to have occurred 10 or 1.5 Ma, respectively, with the second occurring more recently, 3 or 0.4 Ma. These dates are in apparent contradiction to the discovery of Sequoia fossils in the Eocene (33–53 Ma) with guard cells of a size taken to indicate polyploidy (Ma et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Whole genome duplication in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and its implications for explaining the rarity of polyploidy in conifers

et al. 2016

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SummaryPolyploidy is common and an important evolutionary factor in most land plant lineages, but it is rare in gymnosperms. Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is one of just two polyploid conifer species and the only hexaploid. Evidence from fossil guard cell size suggests that polyploidy in Sequoia dates to the Eocene. Numerous hypotheses about the mechanism of polyploidy and parental genome donors have been proposed, based primarily on morphological and cytological data, but it remains unclear how Sequoia became polyploid and why this lineage overcame an apparent gymnosperm barrier to whole-genome duplication (WGD).We sequenced transcriptomes and used phylogenetic inference, Bayesian concordance analysis and paralog age distributions to resolve relationships among gene copies in hexaploid coast redwood and close relatives.Our data show that hexaploidy in coast redwood is best explained by autopolyploidy or, if there was allopolyploidy, it happened within the Californian redwood clade. We found that duplicate genes have more similar sequences than expected, given the age of the inferred polyploidization.Conflict between molecular and fossil estimates of WGD can be explained if diploidization occurred very slowly following polyploidization. We extrapolate from this to suggest that the rarity of polyploidy in gymnosperms may be due to slow diploidization in this clade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Whole genome duplication in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and its implications for explaining the rarity of polyploidy in conifers

et al. 2016

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“…En un estudio posterior, Ma et al (2005) demostraron que el tamaño de los estomas en secuoya es similar al de otras coníferas y taxodiáceas. Las especies forestales que tienen áreas de distribución muy amplias, o bien se utilizan en plantaciones forestales en zonas con condiciones climáticas muy contrastadas con respecto a su área original (S. sempervirens, Pinus radiata D.Don), poseen estrategias de adaptación que les permiten sobrevivir y crecer en zonas ecológicamente diferenciadas (Poyatos et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características de los estomas, densidad e índice estomático en secuoya (Sequoia sempervirens) y su variación en diferentes plantaciones de Chile

et al. 2010

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Características de los estomas, densidad e índice estomático en secuoya (Sequoia sempervirens) y su variación en diferentes plantaciones de Chile SUMMARYSeveral authors suggest that the stomata of Sequoia sempervirens (redwood) may present morphological changes when this species grows in areas without the presence of crypto-precipitation. This work studied the characteristics of the stomata, density and stomata index in leaves of redwood in terms of precipitation level, soil, slope exposition and location in the forest stand. The anatomical study was made by diaphanization and staining techniques of the leaf samples. The main results of this work indicate that the sequoia stomata, in the populations studied, are smaller than those from natural populations, with an average length between 31.4 and 37.7 µm and an average width between 12.6 and 14.9 µm; mainly found in the abaxial epidermis. Their density varied between 81.3 and 111.4 stomata mm -2 , with an average stomatic index between 15.5 and 21.1 depending on the locality studied. These values are in ranks lower than those found for the species by other authors; indicating a certain degree of acclimation for the species in Chile. While there was significant variation among localities in Chile, changes in the stomatal complex were not so evident in response to the site environmental characteristics. However, in areas with more restraining climatic conditions (lower atmospheric humidity and precipitation), combined with edaphic conditions (soil with greater apparent density or less depth), stomata showed smaller and less dense, revealing a significant degree of phenotypic plasticity of the species for the character studied, which allows adaptation processes to contrasting environmental situations.

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“…Fossil remains of foliage shoots and a single scale of a seed cone collected from the Eocene of Fushun are assigned to the genus Glyptostrobus . The vegetative morphology of Glyptostrobus is similar to that of Sequoia , Metasequoia , and Taxodium in phyllotaxis and the shape of the leaves and branchlets (Table ; Ma & Gu, ; Ma et al, ; Ma, ). Linear leaves are found in all four genera.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are slightly undulating in Taxodium, and obviously undulating in Metasequoia, which differs from those in the fossil remains. They are mostly straight in both Glyptostrobus and Sequoia (Table 2; Ma et al, 2004Ma et al, , 2005b. Linear leaves are mostly amphistomatic in Taxodium, Glyptostrobus, and the fossil remains, but they are mostly hypostomatic in Metasequoia, and they are amphistomatic or hypostomatic in Sequoia (Table 2; Ma & Li, 2002a, 2002bMa & Zhang, 2003;Ma et al, 2004Ma et al, , 2005aMa et al, , 2005bMa et al, , 2009Ma, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil remains of the genus are frequently found from the Early Cretaceous to the Early Pleistocene in the middle to high latitudes of North America and Eurasia (LePage, 2007;Vikulin et al, 2007Vikulin et al, , 2008Vikulin et al, , 2010Vikulin et al, , 2011. Fossil vegetative and fertile twigs, seed cones, pollen cones, and wood remains of Glyptostrobus are often found in association with those of Metasequoia, Sequoia, and Taxodium (Florin, 1922;Becker, 1969;Matsuo, 1970;Schweitzer, 1974;WGCPC, 1978;Guo & Li, 1979;SIGMR, 1980;Li & Yang, 1984;Guo et al, 1984;Tao & Xiong, 1986;He & Tao, 1994Guo, 2000;Vikulin et al, 2007Vikulin et al, , 2008Vikulin et al, , 2010Vikulin et al, , 2011Wang et al, 2010), complicating their taxonomic identification, given that leaf shape and phyllotaxis of all these four genera are similar (Ma & Gu, 2000;Ma et al, 2005bMa et al, , 2009Ma, 2009). It is difficult to distinguish unequivocally fossil shoots of all four genera based purely on their vegetative morphology.…”

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Details of compressions of Glyptostrobus (Cupressaceae s.l.) from the Eocene of Fushun, NE China

Qiang

Викулин

et al. 2013

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Branches and leafy shoots of fossil Glyptostrobus Endlicher (Cupressaceae s.l.), preserved as compressions of leaf cuticle with stomata and a single scale of a seed cone, have been found for the first time in the Jijuntun Formations of the Eocene in Fushun, Liaoning Province, NE China. These fossil remains are identified as Glyptostrobus by comparing them with Sequoia, Metasequoia, and Taxodium, which are commonly in association and have similar morphological features. The fossil remains are assigned to Glyptostrobus based on characters of leaf morphotypes, phyllotaxis, leaf apex, leaf base, epidermal cell morphology, orientation of stomata, and a single flabellate ovuliferous scale of a seed cone. All of the characteristics of the fossil remains are in agreement with those of the diagnosis of G. europaeus (Brongn.) Ung. These newly described Glyptostrobus specimens from China represent linear, linear‐subulate, and scale‐like leaves. The species G. europaeus is common for Eurasia where it has a wide geographic and stratigraphic range, but the cuticle characteristics of the species are rarely reported. In China, fossil remains of G. europaeus have been found in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Hong Kong.

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The coast redwoods (Sequoia, Taxodiaceae) from the Eocene of Heilongjiang and the Miocene of Yunnan, China

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Whole genome duplication in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and its implications for explaining the rarity of polyploidy in conifers

Whole genome duplication in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and its implications for explaining the rarity of polyploidy in conifers

Características de los estomas, densidad e índice estomático en secuoya (Sequoia sempervirens) y su variación en diferentes plantaciones de Chile

Details of compressions of Glyptostrobus (Cupressaceae s.l.) from the Eocene of Fushun, NE China

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