The cognitive neuroscience of ageing

Grady, Cheryl L.

doi:10.1038/nrn3256

Cited by 1,133 publications

(1,042 citation statements)

References 221 publications

(243 reference statements)

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“…Further research investigating lifestyle choices, agerelated neurotransmitter depletion, and genetic factors influencing the ageing brain are necessary (Grady, 2012). This point is illustrated by our finding that FA correlates with functional activity only in young adults but that other measures of white matter integrity (MD and RD) correlate with functional connectivity for both groups.…”

Section: Resting State Network In the Ageing Brainmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The lack of recruitment of FPN and SN in older adults might thus indicate that older adults do not switch between large-scale networks as readily and frequently as young adults do, which might contribute to their reduced cognitive performance. This finding is important for research on lifestyle choices and healthy ageing as it emphasizes the importance of engaging a variety of large-scale networks associated with physical, cognitive, and social activities (Grady, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is an open question as to why and how ageing affects the dynamic coordination of large-scale neural networks (Grady, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that older adults' brains compensate for a reduced structural integrity through increased prefrontal activity (Grady, 2012;Park & McDonough, 2013). Thus, we interpret our results as further evidence for compensatory mechanisms in the ageing brain by showing that as gray and white matter structures decrease in integrity with age, functional connectivity with prefrontal cortex increases.…”

Section: Resting State Network In the Ageing Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and large-scale functional networks: White matter integrity, gray matter volume, and functional connectivity in the resting state

et al. 2015

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Healthy ageing is accompanied by neurobiological changes that affect the brain's functional organization and the individual's cognitive abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of global age-related differences in the cortical white and gray matter on neural activity in three key large-scale networks. We used functionalstructural covariance network analysis to assess resting state activity in the default mode network (DMN), the fronto-parietal network (FPN), and the salience network show that, in the direct comparison of resting state activity, young but not older adults reliably engage the SN and FPN in addition to the DMN, suggesting that older adults recruit these networks less consistently. Second, our results demonstrate that agerelated decline in white matter integrity and gray matter volume is associated with activity in prefrontal nodes of the SN and FPN, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms. We suggest that age-related differences in gray and white matter properties differentially affect the ability of the brain to engage and coordinate largescale functional networks that are central to efficient cognitive functioning.

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Section: Resting State Network In the Ageing Brainmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is an open question as to why and how ageing affects the dynamic coordination of large-scale neural networks (Grady, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resting State Network In the Ageing Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and large-scale functional networks: White matter integrity, gray matter volume, and functional connectivity in the resting state

et al. 2015

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“…Our results provide novel evidence for stability in brain-cognition relationships throughout life, and indicate that early life factors impact brain and cognition for the entire life course. development | aging | cortical change I t is well-established that both brain and cognition change with age, and that although there are early gains, older age brings with it decrements in aspects of both (1,2). Much focus has been on age-specific mechanisms of neural foundations of cognition and their change (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental origins of lifespan changes in brain and cognition

Walhovd

Krogsrud

Amlien

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

182

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Neurodevelopmental origins of functional variation in older age are increasingly being acknowledged, but identification of how early factors impact human brain and cognition throughout life has remained challenging. Much focus has been on age-specific mechanisms affecting neural foundations of cognition and their change. In contrast to this approach, we tested whether cerebral correlates of general cognitive ability (GCA) in development could be extended to the rest of the lifespan, and whether early factors traceable to prenatal stages, such as birth weight and parental education, may exert continuous influences. We measured the area of the cerebral cortex in a longitudinal sample of 974 individuals aged 4-88 y (1,633 observations). An extensive cortical region was identified wherein area related positively to GCA in development. By tracking area of the cortical region identified in the child sample throughout the lifespan, we showed that the cortical change trajectories of higher and lower GCA groups were parallel through life, suggesting continued influences of early life factors. Birth weight and parental education obtained from the Norwegian Mother-Child Cohort study were identified as such early factors of possible lifelong influence. Support for a genetic component was obtained in a separate twin sample (Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging), but birth weight in the child sample had an effect on cortical area also when controlling for possible genetic differences in terms of parental height. Our results provide novel evidence for stability in brain-cognition relationships throughout life, and indicate that early life factors impact brain and cognition for the entire life course. development | aging | cortical change I t is well-established that both brain and cognition change with age, and that although there are early gains, older age brings with it decrements in aspects of both (1, 2). Much focus has been on age-specific mechanisms of neural foundations of cognition and their change (3, 4). In contrast, neurodevelopmental origins of functional variation in older age are now increasingly being acknowledged (5-8), but identification of how early factors may impact human brain and cognition throughout the lifespan has remained challenging.General cognitive ability (GCA) is essential to human beings, relates to a multitude of health and social outcomes (9), and necessarily originates in characteristics of the central nervous system at all ages. Paradoxically, even though GCA is highly vulnerable to the influence of aging, there is a remarkable stability in individuals' GCA relative to their same-age peers (10, 11). It has even been shown that childhood GCA can account for GCA-cortical thickness associations in old age (12). Cortical thickness is known to decrease with age monotonously from relatively early childhood through the entire lifespan (6,13,14). This thinning, albeit continuous, signifies different neurobiological events at different stages of life (15, 16), and does not have a stable functional correla...

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