The Cognitive Psychology of Delusions: A Review

Miller, Edgar; Karoni, Polyxeni

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0720(199612)10:6<487::aid-acp414>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Though this is not the case for sadness, it is encouraging that consistent results were found on the BLERT and FEIT for the perception of anger and fear, which suggest that the measures are generally comparable. Problems with anger and hostility are consistent with theoretical and clinical accounts of paranoia (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Kline et al , 1992; Miller & Karoni, 1996; Penn et al , 1997). This problem may be especially important in ambiguous social situations where interpersonal problems are likely to occur (Phillips, Senior, & Davis, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Most of the social‐cognitive findings in the literature on paranoia have suggested the operation of a paranoid schema or information‐processing bias, which may be sensitive to ambiguous social stimuli and influence the processing of threatening stimuli (Brennan & Hemsley, 1984; Freeman et al , 2002; Locascio & Synder, 1975; Magaro, 1981; Miller & Karoni, 1996; Phillips et al , 2000). Information‐processing biases have been discussed as important factors in the both the development and maintenance of persecutory delusions (Freeman et al , 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Paranoia and emotion perception across the continuum

Combs

Michael

Penn

2006

British J Clinic Psychol

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Instead of an enhanced sensitivity for the recognition of emotional states, higher levels of paranoia were linked to a performance deficit on emotion perception tasks. The deficits in emotion perception may reflect the increased skepticism and scrutiny associated with posed emotion tasks (Davis & Gibson, 2000). Research should begin to focus on the underlying mechanisms of emotion perception deficits in paranoia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranoia and emotion perception across the continuum

Combs

Michael

Penn

2006

British J Clinic Psychol

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“…Delusions have been described as phenomena that reflect cognitive processes. Such beliefs are often held despite counter-evidence and rational counter-argument, are often held with great conviction, and are usually not accepted by others living in the social-cultural environment (Gilleen and David, 2005; Langdon and Coltheart, 2000; Miller and Karoni, 1996). In earlier research, delusions were generally not attributed to abnormal reasoning processes (Maher, 1974) and were instead considered to reflect broader pathologies of the mind and brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-adjustment or miscomprehension? A re-examination of the jumping to conclusions bias

Balzan

Delfabbro

Galletly

et al. 2012

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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It was concluded that the 'premature decisions' component of the JTC bias remains a feature of decision-making in schizophrenia, but that previously reported 'over-adjustment' effects are likely to be influenced by miscomprehension of the beads task instructional set. These findings are discussed in light of the recently proposed 'hypersalience of evidence-hypothesis matches' account of the JTC bias.

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“…However, delusions are often viewed as the ''pathological twin'' of these biases because these are also held onto despite counterevidence and rational counterargument, are often held with great conviction, and are usually not accepted by others living in the social-cultural environment (Gilleen and David, 2005;Langdon and Coltheart, 2000;Miller and Karoni, 1996). There is an increasing body of research that suggests that cognitive biases are not only on the same continuum as delusional beliefs but may also have a role to play in their formation and maintenance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory Correlations and Control Across the Psychosis Continuum

Balzan

Delfabbro²,

Galletly³

et al. 2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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It has recently been proposed that individuals with delusions may be hypersalient to evidence-hypothesis matches, which may contribute to the formation and the maintenance of delusions. However, empirical support for the construct is limited. Using cognitive tasks designed to elicit the illusory correlation bias (i.e., perception of a correlation in which none actually exists) and the illusion of control bias (i.e., overestimation of one's personal influence over an outcome), the current article investigates the possibility that individuals with delusions are hypersalient to evidence-hypothesis matches. It was hypothesized that this hypersalience may increase a person's propensity to rely on such illusory correlations and estimates of control. A total of 75 participants (25 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia with a history of delusions, 25 nonclinical participants with delusion proneness, and 25 controls without delusion proneness) completed computerized versions of the "fertilizer" illusory correlation task developed by Kao and Wasserman (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 19:1363-1386; 1993) and the "light-onset" illusion of control task created by Alloy and Abramson (J Exp Psychol Gen 108:441-485; 1979). The results across both tasks showed that the participants with schizophrenia were more susceptible than the nonclinical groups to illusory correlations (i.e., higher estimates of covariation between unrelated events) and illusions of control (i.e., higher estimates of control and perceived connection between the responses and the outcome). These results suggest that delusional ideation is linked to a hypersalience of evidence-hypothesis matches. The theoretical implications of this cognitive mechanism on the formation and the maintenance of delusions are discussed.

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The Cognitive Psychology of Delusions: A Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Paranoia and emotion perception across the continuum

Paranoia and emotion perception across the continuum

Over-adjustment or miscomprehension? A re-examination of the jumping to conclusions bias

Illusory Correlations and Control Across the Psychosis Continuum

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