Previous studies from the Netherlands, Germany, and Argentina revealed that the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown periods had a significant negative impact on the wellbeing and quality of life of students. The negative impact of lockdown periods on health correlates such as immune fitness, alcohol consumption, and mood were reflected in their academic functioning. As both the duration and intensity of lockdown measures differed between countries, it is important to replicate these findings in different countries and cultures. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immune fitness, mood, academic functioning, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy diet, and quality of life among Turkish students. Turkish students in the age range of 18 to 30 years old were invited to complete an online survey. Data were collected from n = 307 participants and included retrospective assessments for six time periods: (1) BP (before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1 January 2020–10 March 2020), (2) NL1 (the first no lockdown period, 11 March 2020–28 April 2021), (3) the lockdown period (29 April 2021–17 May 2021), (4) NL2 (the second no lockdown period, 18 May 2021–31 December 2021), (5) NL3 (the third no lockdown period, 1 January 2022–December 2022), and (6) for the past month. In this data descriptor article, the content of the survey and the dataset are described.