This book explores how the European Union can reconcile and pursue simultaneously two important legal and policy objectives, namely, on the one hand, protecting fundamental rights guaranteed under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter) concerning privacy and personal data and, on the other hand, maintaining and developing a binding rules-based global trading system to ensure appropriate access to foreign digital markets for EU businesses. The book first demonstrates that there is a real clash between international trade law and European data privacy law when it comes to the governance of cross-border flows of personal data. To resolve the tensions caused by this clash, the book proposes concrete and detailed ways to ameliorate the situation from both ends (international trade and personal data protection), specifically through reforms of both international trade and Chapter V of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). To explain how such reforms could be effectuated, the author also looks at the role of discourse in the evolution of trade law in the last two decades. The book also paves the way for further research necessary to design a fully-fledged reform proposal of the EU framework for transfer of personal data outside the EEA.