The Colloid Chemistry of Protoplasm

Heilbrunn, L. V.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1924.69.1.190

Cited by 71 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…(a) The viscosity of the plasma, which is dependent on the temperature according to a W-shaped curve (HEILBRUNN, 1928). (b) The physiological, chemical and physical reactions which take place during the division of the chromosomes at diplotene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explanation, I consider, must be sought especially in the effect of temperature on the physiological processes which take place during the chromosome division at the end of pachytene. It is scarcely probable that in these organisms the marked premortal increase of viscosity which HEILBRUNN (1928) found in Cumingia at 34°should set in at 26°, as Bufo and Triturus can stand considerably higher temperatures. It is in fact generally known that physiological processes are affected, in regard to rapidity, by temperature [see BELEHRADEK (1935) for the literature].…”

Section: Torsten Wickbommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytological Studies on Dipnoi, Urodela, Anura, and Emys

Wickbom¹

2010

Hereditas

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torsten Wickbommentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Studies on Dipnoi, Urodela, Anura, and Emys

Wickbom¹

2010

Hereditas

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“…In 1929, Heilbrunn was a recognized authority on protoplasm. Indeed, his book, The Colloid Chemistry of Protoplasm, had appeared the year before (Heilbrunn 1928).…”

Section: R D Allen Primitive Motile Systems and The Age Of Actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1924, Seifriz used his microsurgical approach to produce an estimate of protoplasmic viscosity that was much higher than that obtained by Heilbrunn in 1914. Beginning in 1926 what others perceived in the field as a "devastating critique" of Seifriz's method (Heilbrunn 1926(Heilbrunn , 1928James 1937). While both continued to work on protoplasm, with Seifriz defending his microsurgical method, there is no evidence that Heilbrunn and Seifriz interacted at Penn despite their similar interests.…”

Section: R D Allen Primitive Motile Systems and The Age Of Actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the “Pulse of Protoplasm”: The search for molecular mechanisms of protoplasmic streaming

Dietrich

2015

JIPB

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Explanations for protoplasmic streaming began with appeals to contraction in the eighteenth century and ended with appeals to contraction in the twentieth. During the intervening years, biologists proposed a diverse array of mechanisms for streaming motions. This paper focuses on the re-emergence of contraction among the molecular mechanisms proposed for protoplasmic streaming during the twentieth century. The revival of contraction is a result of a broader transition from1 colloidal chemistry to a macromolecular approach to the chemistry of proteins, the recognition of the phenomena of shuttle streaming and the pulse of protoplasm, and the influential analogy between protoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction.Keywords: Actin; cytoplasmic streaming; history of cell biology; protoplasm Citation: Dietrich MR (2015) Explaining the "Pulse of Protoplasm": The search for molecular mechanisms of protoplasmic streaming.

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“…Heilbrunn (15) has shown that the apparent viscosity or consistency of the protoplasm of the eggs of both Arbacia and Cumingia changes greatly at or soon after fertilization so that the degree of gelation is increased. Before fertilization, in the inhibited condition, the proto-plasm is comparatively fluid.…”

Section: The Inhibition Of the Unfertilized Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Rate of Oxygen Consumption by Fertilized and Unfertilized Eggs

Whitaker

1933

Journal of General Physiology

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In 1895 Loeb (25) found that the segmentation of fertilized sea urchin eggs is inhibited when oxygen is displaced from the medium with hydrogen. He later found the same effect on a variety of eggs, and further that suppression of oxygen consumption by KCN caused the same result. If the suppression of oxidation by either method was not too prolonged the inhibition was reversible. When immature starfish eggs are placed in sea water maturation takes place, before fertilization, and Loeb (28) found that this nuclear activity was also reversibly inhibited either by oxygen lack or by KCN. These facts led to the conclusion that oxidation, or more strictly oxygen utilization, is necessary for the following cell activities: any protracted nuclear activity, cell division, and development. Oxidation and these activities go together. Loeb (26,29) proposed that the essential feature or one of the essential features of fertilization, the initiation of these activities, is an increase in the rate of oxidations of the resting egg cell.

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The Colloid Chemistry of Protoplasm

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Cytological Studies on Dipnoi, Urodela, Anura, and Emys

Cytological Studies on Dipnoi, Urodela, Anura, and Emys

Explaining the “Pulse of Protoplasm”: The search for molecular mechanisms of protoplasmic streaming

On the Rate of Oxygen Consumption by Fertilized and Unfertilized Eggs

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