The colloidal behaviour of kraft lignin

Lindströmn, T.

doi:10.1007/bf01382370

Cited by 91 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The aggregation and hydrodynamic radius of colloidal lignin in aqueous solution can be influenced by many factors, such as pH [28,29], temperature [30], electrolyte [31,32], concentration of lignin [33] and surfactant [34]. Due to the ionizable phenolic hydroxyls and carboxylic groups in lignin macromolecules, the association and particle size of lignin are very sensitive to the solution pH.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Effect Of Ph On The Particle Sizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the pH is low enough and carboxylic groups are completely protonated, the serious aggregation of lignin particles is unavoidable. It can be attributed that the attractive forces including hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions [28] and !-! interactions [36][37][38][39] surpass the electrostatic repulsive forces.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Effect Of Ph On The Particle Sizmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization

Jiang¹,

He²,

Jiang³

et al. 2013

Express Polym. Lett.

187

130

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Section: Results and Discussion 31 Effect Of Ph On The Particle Sizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Effect Of Ph On The Particle Sizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization

Jiang¹,

He²,

Jiang³

et al. 2013

Express Polym. Lett.

187

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Furthermore, Lindström reported the presence of stable lignin sols in aqueous solution whose extent of aggregation was followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and viscometric measurements; however, no light scattering measurements were made. Lindström 10 explained the aggregation (sol or gel formation) by hydrogen bonding between neighboring lignin group carboxylic groups, ether oxygens, and hydroxylic groups. It was found that the extent of aggregation of kraft lignin sols in the hydrogen form increases with increasing storage time and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propensity of Lignin to Associate: Light Scattering Photometry Study with Native Lignins

et al. 2008

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Many studies of lignins in solution invoke association and aggregation phenomena to explain their solution behavior (e.g., reprecipitation onto pulp fibers, condensation, etc.). Following their colloidal (apparent) molecular weights in solution as a function of time allows us to explore observable dissociation phenomena. These measurements were carried out using multiple angle laser light scattering (MALLS) photometry in the static mode. The challenges and opportunities of measuring the specific refractive index increment (dn/dC) of lignin solutions and determining the kinetics of the dissociation process were thus investigated. Hardwood and softwood representative lignins were isolated, and method for their full dissolution in THF was further developed, which then lead to accurate dn/dC values being obtained as a function of time. When coupled to additional work using light scattering static measurements and Zimm plots for the same solutions, this effort offers insight into the aggregation and ensuing dissociative events that operate within the lignin macromolecules.

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“…It is rather difficult to get a general picture of the exact shape and the actual size of an isolated lignin particle. In addition, there are strong hydrogen bonding interactions [13,14] and "-" interactions [15] in lignin molecules, thereby resulting in serious thermally irreversible aggregation when lignin is recovered from solutions. As a consequence, it is rather difficult to obtain nanostructured lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially in nonpolar polymer matrix, very few efforts have been made to obtain highly exfoliated MMT [29]. Commonly, lignin in solution is assumed to be an approximately spherical microgel between that of an Einstein sphere and a linear nonfree-draining random coil with different hydrodynamic sizes from several nanometers to several hundred nanometers [13]. While spread out in a monolayer or adsorbed onto a surface, lignin is envisaged as being made up of flexible, disk-like molecules having various shapes and sizes but all with approximately the same thickness of 2 nm [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plane-interface-induced lignin-based nanosheets and its reinforcing effect on styrene-butadiene rubber

Jiang¹,

He²,

Yu³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Lignin was viewed as a spherical microgel in aqueous alkali. While spread out in a monolayer or adsorbed on a surface, lignin was made up of flexible, disk-like molecules with approximately the same thickness of 2 nm. According to this principle, we employed the lamina of montmorillonite (MMT) as a plane template to anchor cationic lignin (CL) on its two sides, resulting in the formation of CL-MMT hybrid materials (CLM). The isotherm adsorption behavior and structure characteristics of CLM were studied. The results showed that CLM was individually dispersed nanosheets with a thickness of about 5 nm when the mass ratio of CL to MMT is more than 2:1 and prepared at acidic or neutral pH. Compared to the cocoagulation of lignin and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), CLM obviously accelerated the coagulation rate, due to the reduction of surface activity of CL restricted by MMT. The nanoscale dispersion of CLM in SBR matrix significantly improved the tensile strength of CLM/SBR nanocomposites to 14.1 MPa by adding only 10 phr CLM and cardanol glycidyl ether (CGE) as compatibilizer. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the glass transition temperature of SBR/CLM nanocomposites decreased with increasing CLM loading. Correspondingly, a special interfacial structure was proposed.

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The colloidal behaviour of kraft lignin

Abstract: The colloidal behaviour of kraft lignin Part I.: Association and gelation of kraft lignin in aqueous solutions T. LindstrSm

Cited by 91 publications

References 30 publications

Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization

Nano-lignin filled natural rubber composites: Preparation and characterization

Propensity of Lignin to Associate: Light Scattering Photometry Study with Native Lignins

Plane-interface-induced lignin-based nanosheets and its reinforcing effect on styrene-butadiene rubber

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