The color removal of dye wastewater by magnesium chloride/red mud (MRM) from aqueous solution

Red mud as an amendment for pollutants in solid and liquid phases

“…The specific surface area was 130 m 2 /g after these treatments. Combined treatment with hydrogen peroxide and calcination at 500°C was conducted on red mud from India Wang et al (2009) for removal of lead, zinc, chlorophenols, and other dyes (Gupta et al, 2001(Gupta et al, , 2004a(Gupta et al, , 2004bGupta and Sharma, 2002). After modification, surface area of activated red mud was 108 m 2 /g without comparing with raw red mud.…”

“…Some other fruitful studies (Gupta et al, 2004b; have also been carried out into adsorption of dyes such as rhodamine B, fast green, methylene blue and congo red using red mud. Wang et al (2009) investigated MgCl 2 /red mud system (MRM) for color removal efficacy in dye solutions. The MRM system can remove more than 98% of the coloring material at a dosage of 25 g RM/L dye solution and a volume of 1.5 mL MgCl 2 /L dye solution in the decolourization process of reactive dye, acid dye and direct dye.…”

Influence of bentonite in polymer membranes for effective treatment of car wash effluent to protect the ecosystem

“…(Foo and Hameed, 2010) Detergents/Surfactants A potential problem lies in the formation of suds and the probability of existence of nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen. Suds could persist in lakes and streams and the nutrients could create an algal bloom which may lead to eutrophication (Wang et al, 2009) Surfactants create a bacterial population rise, transmitting through the food chain to protozoa, which are more sensitive to car wash toxins (Verma et al, 2012) All detergents will destroy fish mucus membranes and gills to some degree. The gills may lose natural oils, interrupting oxygen transfer (Almeida et al, 2010) Heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium and chromium)…”

Evaluation of Toxicity for Commercial Red Mud Pellets Using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna

“…Due to the high alkalinity of RM, the discharge of RM is environmentally hazardous. Thus, the recent study focuses on the reuse and recycling of RM, and explores various processing methods that would widen the applicability of RM (Wang et al 2008(Wang et al , 2009.…”