The Colors of C<sub>60</sub> Solutions

Catalán, Javier; Sáiz, José L.; Laynez, José; Jagerovic, Nadine; Elguero, José

doi:10.1002/anie.199501051

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Molar-absorption coefficients for C60 found in the literature are compared with measured values in Table 2. 6,7,11,12 The previously reported data is scarce, and deviates from our values. These literature values might be considered to be less reliable due to the fact that either fewer or only single calibration points were used; the fullerenes used were not equally pure; the pathlength was not varied; the dilution reliability was possibly not as accurately analyzed and corrected for by mass; the fullerene solubility limits where not carefully considered and/or the sample temperature was not controlled.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…For the limited data that does exist in the literature, there are inconsistencies in the molar-absorption coefficients presented, and no indication of uncertainty or errors is provided. 6,7,11,12 Here, we characterize C60 and C70 in o-xylene and o-DCB with UV/Vis-spectrometry at 320 to 800 nm, demonstrate the validity of the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law and determine accurate molar-absorption coefficients with confidence limits. By closing the literature gap, we give researchers the means to determine mixtures of C60 and C70 in either o-xylene or o-DCB spectroscopically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The model spectra exhibited a very poor fit to the measured spectra, with large deviations between the measured data points and the lines of best fit (as exemplified in Fig. 3), indicating that the model is not appropriate for (12) 47000 (7) 4040 (12) 957 (12) 834 (12) 47780 ± 407 50390 ± 411 5788 ± 91 852 ± 14 786 ± 13 331 333 400 410 470 66845 (12) 54523 (6) 2590 (12) 3170 (11) 616 (11) 56270 ± 557 59960 ± 610 2692 ± 18 2364 ± 15 394 ± 4 515 520 570 580 600 1022 (12) 979 (11) 938 (12) 786 (11) 887 (11) 777 ± 6 810 ± 6 724 ± 5 685 ± 5 792 ± 6 analyzing the extracted mixtures. A simple baseline correction for these samples would have been incorrect because the off-set did not represent a drift in instrumental response, nor a simple baseline error, but rather a physical interference due to the scattering of light by microscopic particles (which depends on the wavelength).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Törpe

Belton

2015

ANAL. SCI.

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Fullerenes are among a number of recently discovered carbon allotropes that exhibit unique and versatile properties. The analysis of these materials is of great importance and interest. We present previously unreported spectroscopic data for C60 and C70 fullerenes in high-solubility solvents, including error bounds, so as to allow reliable colorimetric analysis of these materials. The Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is found to be valid at all wavelengths. The measured data were highly reproducible, and yielded high-precision molar absorbance coefficients for C60 and C70 in o-xylene and o-dichlorobenzene, which both exhibit a high solubility for these fullerenes, and offer the prospect of improved extraction efficiency. A photometric method for a C60/C70 mixture analysis was validated with standard mixtures, and subsequently improved for real samples by correcting for light scattering, using a power-law fit. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of C60/C70 mixtures extracted from fullerene soot.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Törpe

Belton

2015

ANAL. SCI.

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“…Fullerenes can be regarded as an electron acceptor, and C 60 exhibits a CT absorption band in the 400-650 nm range in aromatic solvents [96,97]. The complexation of receptors based on the traditional hosts and carbon nanorings with fullerenes causes slight changes in the CT absorptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors for Pristine Fullerenes Based on Concave–Convex π–πInteractions

Kawase

2012

Supramolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes

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In 1990, Kr€ atchmer and coworkers reported the extraction of fullerenes (C 60 and C 70 ) from carbon soot using aromatic solvents (Figure 3.1) [1]. After this discovery, receptor molecules for fullerenes have been extensively studied for separation and purification of fullerenes. Supramlecular chemists have found that traditional host molecules composed of electron-rich aromatic rings such as calix[n]arenes 1-4, oxacalix[3]arenes 5, and cyclotriveratrylenes (CTV) 6 ( Figure 3.2) can be employed for the purpose. The crystallographic analyses of these complexes with C 60 clearly indicated the importance of the p-p interactions between the convex p surface of C 60 and the concave p surface of the traditional host molecules. On the other hand, except a few examples, the traditional hosts bound fullerenes only in solid state. In order to bind with fullerenes more tightly, two strategies have been presented to construct the well preorganized p cavity so far. First, electron-rich aromatic units are introduced to the host molecule as appendants (Figure 3.2a). Second, two host molecules are linked by appropriate tether(s) to form a dimeric structure with a creft-, ring-, or ball-shaped cavity (Figure 3.2b). The binding abilities of the modified receptors fairly increased in comparison with those of simple traditional hosts. On the other hand, new receptors based on curved conjugated systems such as corannulene 7, extended TTF (exTTF) 8, and carbon nanorings (Figure 3.3) have been developed recently. These compounds possess a concave p surface matching to the convex surface of C 60 . Cyclic [6]paraphenyleneacetylene ([6]CPPA) 9 and the related compounds have smooth belt-shaped structure similar to a cut piece of carbon nanotube, and thus may be termed carbon nanorings. These receptors form stable inclusion complexes with fullerenes both in solution and in the solid state, and are good model compounds to explore the nature of the concave-convex p-p interactions. This chapter discusses the fullerene receptors bearing a cavity surrounded by p-orbitals, the so-called p cavity, the concept of molecular designs, and the nature of p-p interactions. The survey of the fullerene receptors should provide an insight into the supramolecular properties of curved conjugated systems. Although the receptor Supramolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes, First Edition. Edited by Nazario Martin and Jean-Francois Nierengarten.

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“…[25,26] Based on the claims by Renge [19] that the 0Ϫ0 component in the gas phase for electronic transitions of the chromophore in n-alkanes can be estimated using the LorenzϪLorentz f(n 2 ) function, in 1994 Catalán [20] predicted the position of the most salient spectral peaks for C 60 in the gas phase.…”

Section: A 1 Transition In C 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Treatment of the Inductive and Dispersive Components of Solute−Solvent Interactions: The Solvent Polarizability (SP) Scale

2004

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By using 3,20‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2,21,21‐tetramethyl‐3,5,7,9,11, 13,15,17,19‐docosanonaene (ttbP9) as a probe, the inductive and dispersive interactions of solvents were empirically evaluated for the first time. This probe exhibits a very strong first electronic transition with a marked vibronic structure that is very well resolved from the second electronic transition. One hundred solvents were used to construct a solvent polarizability (SP) scale ranging from zero for the gas phase (i.e. the absence of solvent) to unity for carbon disulfide. The probe was found to exhibit an ideal spectroscopic behaviour towards a variety of polar, acidic and basic solvents. The polarizability scale provides an accurate description of the solvatochromism of such interesting apolar chromophores as anthracene, molecular oxygen, and C60 among a wider variety of solvents spanning very broad ranges of polarity, acidity and basicity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

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The Colors of C₆₀ Solutions

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Receptors for Pristine Fullerenes Based on Concave–Convex π–πInteractions

Empirical Treatment of the Inductive and Dispersive Components of Solute−Solvent Interactions: The Solvent Polarizability (SP) Scale

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The Colors of C60 Solutions

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Improved Spectrophotometric Analysis of Fullerenes C60 and C70 in High-solubility Organic Solvents

Receptors for Pristine Fullerenes Based on Concave–Convex π–πInteractions

Empirical Treatment of the Inductive and Dispersive Components of Solute−Solvent Interactions: The Solvent Polarizability (SP) Scale

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The Colors of C₆₀ Solutions