The colour of stress

Won, Daeyeon; Ko, Seung Hwan

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01337-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on the principle of physical optics, structural color processes materials into periodic structures on micro or nano scales 20–23 . Due to the resonance characteristics of micro/nanostructures, their resonant wavelengths are affected by the size and period of the structure 24 . Under the illumination of white light, light of specific color can be scattered on the surface of materials 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23] Due to the resonance characteristics of micro/nanostructures, their resonant wavelengths are affected by the size and period of the structure. 24 Under the illumination of white light, light of specific color can be scattered on the surface of materials. 25 However, compared with two-dimensional surfaces, the structural coloration of fibers with threedimensional high curvature surfaces is usually incompatible with mainstream technologies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers

Zhang

Chen

Huang

et al. 2023

SusMat

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Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are endowed with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and are considered promising candidates in numerous cutting-edge fields. However, the inherent black color of CNTFs hinders their practical application in fields with high aesthetic requirements such as wearable devices and smart textiles. Due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness, CNTFs are hard to be dyed by conventional chemical dyes or colorful inks. Herein, we realize a structural coloration of CNTFs by coating them with two metal oxide layers via atomic layer deposition. The three elements of color, that is, hue, saturation, and brightness, can be controlled by adjusting the types and thickness of each oxide layer. Colorful CNTFs with wide color gamut and high saturation are achieved through different combinations. A film interference model is also established to reveal the mechanism of the structural coloration, which is a comprehensive result of thin-film interference and surface roughness briefly. The calculated reflectance well fits the measured results by introducing surface roughness parameters. Moreover, the colored CNTFs are not iridescent because of retinal signal delay, which will further expand their applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers

Zhang

Chen

Huang

et al. 2023

SusMat

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“…Hundreds of millions of years of evolution in the natural world enables the existing organisms to develop their own unique survival skills: the chameleon’s changing body color for camouflage, venus flytrap rapid closure upon insect touch, and the folding and unfolding of pine cones are symbolic examples of nature’s biological systems. Their remarkable shape-shifting behaviors have inspired researchers to develop efficient biomimetic soft actuators that has the potential to revolutionize material science. − Particular interest in soft actuators essentially centers on shape memory polymers, hydrogels, and liquid crystal polymer networks. , These actuators have attracted widespread attention in the field ranging from biomimetics to switches and soft robotic applications. Among them, hydrogel and SMP-based soft materials are considered as one of the most promising candidates for fabricating actuators due to the advantageous characteristics such as decent shape-morphing properties, designable structure, and superior biocompatibility. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely and Sequentially Controlled Morphing Structures of a Biomimetic Monolayer Actuator with Programmable 3D Configuration for Divisible Multimotions

Tian

Zhao

Song

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Bilayer-based soft actuators have gained much attention due to their fast response, programmable deformations, and unique multidegree-of-freedom motion characteristics. However, such layered structures developed to date often suffer from problems associated with inevitable poor interlayer adhesion and complicated fabrication processes, which limit their practical applications. To overcome such limitations, we fabricate a monolayer thin film photoactuator-based shape memory hybrid materials that can achieve continuous bidirectional bending actuation in response to laser signals. When subjected with a laser irradiation, the prestretched photoactuator can undergo programmable bending deformations due to anisotropic chain relaxation and strain energy release. On this basis, reversible bending actuations take place upon employing the laser to the corresponding opposite side of the actuators. Remarkably, the anisotropic structure that affords the polymer network decent bending characteristics allows for more complex three-dimensional (3D) configurations with unique reversible spatiotemporal-controlled 2D–3D–2D morphing characteristics. This unique contraction and bidirectional bending features enable flexible control of shape change in remotely and sequentially executing delicate mechanical work. Furthermore, a temperature sensor is demonstrated and envisioned for flexible electronic device applications. Our study points to a direction in fabricating light-driven soft actuators and paves a simple pathway for the design of engineering devices.

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“…[ 2–5 ] Thus, the structural colors have extensive applications in surface decoration, sensing, anticounterfeiting, solar energy absorption, and optical filter. [ 6–11 ] Recently, there have been reports of progress in structural color generation such as a simple and scalable method for stretchable color‐changing structures, [ 12 ] butterfly wing‐sized nanostructures for radiative cooling and structural coloring, [ 13 ] and controlled micropore and fibril formation. [ 14,15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Thus, the structural colors have extensive applications in surface decoration, sensing, anticounterfeiting, solar energy absorption, and optical filter. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Recently, there have been reports of progress in structural color generation such as a simple and scalable method for stretchable color-changing structures, [12] butterfly wing-sized nanostructures for radiative cooling and structural coloring, [13] and controlled micropore and fibril formation. [14,15] The deep blue color of Morpho butterfly's wings and the bright green color of Papilio Palinurus (emerald swallowtail butterfly) are structural colors reproduced by the combined effect of micro-nano scale structures and multilayered thin-films.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproduction of Biomimetic Structural Colors via µm‐Scale Ni Textures

Park

Lee

Yim

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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interference, which produces structural colors by reflecting a specific range of wavelengths. These structural colors generally exhibit shiny, metallic features with viewing angle dependence, which contrasts with the dull, diffuse aspects, and relatively low environmental resistance of chemical dyes or pigments. [2][3][4][5] Thus, the structural colors have extensive applications in surface decoration, sensing, anticounterfeiting, solar energy absorption, and optical filter. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Recently, there have been reports of progress in structural color generation such as a simple and scalable method for stretchable color-changing structures, [12] butterfly wing-sized nanostructures for radiative cooling and structural coloring, [13] and controlled micropore and fibril formation. [14,15] The deep blue color of Morpho butterfly's wings and the bright green color of Papilio Palinurus (emerald swallowtail butterfly) are structural colors reproduced by the combined effect of micro-nano scale structures and multilayered thin-films. [2,3,[16][17][18] To mimic these structural colors, photonic crystals, [19,20] diffraction gratings, [21,22] plasmonic nanostructures [23,24] and etc. have been utilized. These structures were mostly fabricated by using advanced nanotechnologies such as photolithography, e-beam lithography, and nanoimprinting processes followed by multilayer deposition methods. [3] Although these semiconductor processes produce high-quality nanostructures, they acquire high cost and have limitations in scaling up the size. Meanwhile, self-assembly methods [25][26][27][28] utilizing various building blocks such as block copolymers and colloids have been adopted to reproduce periodic biomimetic structures. However, there exist the issues associated with producing color materials with defect-free on a large scale. Thus, the way of implementing the structural color in microscale allows us to realize biomimetic structures with relatively easy and low-cost process. Here, a microscale textured structure combined with a Bragg stack of alternating high-and low-refractive index materials can reflect a specific wavelength band through destructive and constructive interference. By adjusting the thicknesses of the Bragg stack and the shape of the microscale texture, it is possible to selectively reflect a desired visible wavelength to reproduce structural colors. Especially, the Ni or Ni-Fe substrates fabricated by the electroforming method [28] can be used to produce the metal texture on a large scale in a mass production manner. This electroforming process can manufacture metallic products in fine A µm-scale Ni texture coated with a dielectric multilayer Bragg stack is developed to cost-effectively reproduce a variety of biomimetic structural colors on a large scale. The reflectance of the highly reflective region by the Braggstacked flat Ni-surface is significantly reduced, while the high-order reflection in the shorter wavelength region increases due to the interference effect inside the triangular Ni texture...

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The colour of stress

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers

Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers

Remotely and Sequentially Controlled Morphing Structures of a Biomimetic Monolayer Actuator with Programmable 3D Configuration for Divisible Multimotions

Reproduction of Biomimetic Structural Colors via µm‐Scale Ni Textures

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