The Combination of Green Tea Extract and Eriodictyol Inhibited High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Cholesterol Upregulation Is Accompanied by Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis Enzymes

Abstract

Summary Western diets induce obesity associated with an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia. Indeed, obesity-induced hypercholesterolaemia is correlated with increased coronary cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, highfat and high-sucrose diet (HF/HS), HF/HS with green tea extract powder diet (HF/HS1GT), HF/HS with eriodictyol diet (HF/HS1Eri), or HF/HS with green tea extract powder and eriodictyol diet (HF/HS1GT1Eri) for 8 wk. Body weight was lower in the HF/HS1GT1Eri group than in the HF/HS group (28.3%, p,0.01). The HF/HS diet elicited an upregulation of total cholesterol levels (263%, p,0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (289%, p,0.001) were significantly suppressed by the GT1Eri diet. Conversely, no change (p.0.05) was observed in the HF/HS1GT and HF/HS1Eri groups. The HF/HS diet-induced hepatic mRNA increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was ameliorated (273%) by the oral administration of green tea extract and eriodictyol. Moreover, the GT1Eri diet suppressed HF/HS diet-induced upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS) (275%, p,0.05). Furthermore, the LDL receptor (LDLR) levels were higher in the HF/HS1GT1Eri group (150%, p,0.05) than in the HF/ HS group. These results suggest that a combination of green tea and eriodictyol decreases cholesterol levels, particularly LDL levels, accompanied by the suppression of HMGCR and HMGCS levels and upregulation of LDLR levels in the liver.

Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity: An Overview of Scientific Evidence from 2007 to 2017

“…Combination therapy with catechins and caffeine markedly reduced intracellular fat accumulation by regulating the gene and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Yamashita et al [76] found that, following supplementation with green tea extract powder and eriodictyol for 8 weeks, body weight, food intake, cholesterol levels, and LDL levels were decreased, accompanied by the suppression of two kinds of cholesterol synthesis enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS).…”

Eriodictyol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through the Activation of JAK2

“…Until now, EDT has attracted more interesting as a therapeutic agent in many diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, cerebral ischemia, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases ( Jing et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2015 ; Ferreira Ede et al, 2016 ; Yamashita et al, 2016 ). In the present study, we utilized an ex vivo model to explore the protective effect of EDT against myocardial I/R-induced cardiac injury.…”

Association between Cardiac Remodeling and Metabolic Alteration in an Experimental Model of Obesity Induced by Western Diet

“…This result shows that the western diet used was efficient to promote obesity in the experimental period of 20 weeks. According to the literature, western diet/ hypercaloric diets are associated with higher body weight in rodents [ 12 , 18 , 26 , 27 ]. Besides, the HSF animals in this study also presented many disorders similar to human obesity-related comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia.…”