The Combination of IMT and Stiffness Parameter .BETA. is Highly Associated with Concurrent Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Aims:The clinical implications of stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) have not been fully clarified in the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD), although intima-media thickness (IMT) has been established as a surrogate marker. We examined the associations of stiffness parameter (ST) and IMT with concurrent CAD. Methods: IMT and ST were measured by ultrasound in 439 nondiabetic subjects as a control and 1528 type 2 diabetic subjects (T2DM) with or without CAD in a cross-sectional study.

Association of Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Dysfunction with Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Complications, and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…We have previously reported that stiffness parameter β is associated with insulin resistance, the plasma levels of adiponectin, pioglitazone administration, and exercise in T2DM patients [11][12][13] . Furthermore, the association of concurrent coronary artery disease with both IMT and stiffness parameter β together was stronger than that with either of the parameters alone 14) . In general, FMD and/or NMD are believed to be impaired in the early stages of athero/arteriosclerotic changes, while morphological and functional changes of the tunica intima and tunica media, IMT, and stiffness parameter β are believed to occur secondary to endothelial dysfunction.…”

“…The IMT and stiffness parameter β of the CCA were measured by an ultrasonic phase-locked echotracking system, which was equipped with a high-resolution real-time 13-MHz linear scanner (Prosound SDD 6500; Aloka, Tokyo), as previously reported 11,14,19) . In brief, approximately 4 cm of the CCA was examined.…”

Association of Coronary Artery Stenosis with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…Previous studies have established carotid arterial wall thickness as one of the most reliable markers for systemic atherosclerosis, and many studies have shown that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular events and coronary artery stenosis [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ; however, the usefulness of the evaluation of carotid IMT for CAD screening by CCTA is not clear. In addition, mean-IMT of CCA has been the focus of most previous studies, and there is no evidence of a connection between max-IMT and coronary artery stenosis [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] .…”

“…In addition, mean-IMT of CCA has been the focus of most previous studies, and there is no evidence of a connection between max-IMT and coronary artery stenosis [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . To evaluate the utility of carotid IMT (mean-IMT and max-IMT) for CAD screening, we investigated the association of coronary artery stenosis assessed by CCTA with carotid IMT in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.…”

A Study of the Proximal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Motion

“…First, the longitudinal compression of the proximal LAD artery was significantly smaller in diabetics than that in non-diabetics. The stiffness properties of the carotid arteries of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes have been found significantly greater than in control subjects [14]. These differences in arterial mechanical properties would explain the different longitudinal compression of the proximal LAD artery observed between diabetics and non-diabetics.…”