The combination of urine DD3^PCA3mRNA and PSA mRNA as molecular markers of prostate cancer

Abstract

The identification of reliable molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer early diagnosis is clinically desirable. We quantitatively detected prostate cancer specifically overexpressed genes, DD3 and PSA, in urine sediments of men suffering from prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia, after prostatic massage. As both genes are exclusively expressed in androgen receptor expressing human prostate carcinoma cell lines, we further investigated the possible effect of androgens on PSA and DD3 gene expression. DD3 and PSA mRNA levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The combined markers test had a sensitivity of 80.2% and a specificity of 100%. Both gene transcripts were significantly upregulated by androgens. Results indicated the clinical usefulness of the combination of DD3 and PSA as molecular markers in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer and the need of combining as many as possible analytical data with the clinical and demographic ones to achieve the maximum level of diagnostic accuracy.

PCA3 noncoding RNA is involved in the control of prostate-cancer cell survival and modulates androgen receptor signaling

“…The PCA3 ncRNA is one of the most prostate-specific genes described to date, is highly overexpressed in PCa tumors, and has been extensively characterized as a tumor biomarker [1,2,4,7,23]. However, no function has been attributed to this transcript in PCa cells [1,2,4,7,23].…”

Glyoxalase 1−419C>A Variant Is Associated with Oxidative Stress: Implications in Prostate Cancer Progression

“…In the present study, we hypothesized that GLO1 polymorphism, linked to a decrease of GLO1 enzymatic activity, and, consequently, to an accumulation of GLO1-related pro-oxidative AP, could be associated with oxidative stress induction, thus counting as a novel mechanism in PCa progression. To this aim GLO1 polymorphism, AP and oxidative stress biomarkers (ROS, reduced glutathione, GSH, malonyldialdheyde, MDA) [20] levels were, firstly, studied in human differently aggressive and invasive LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines, secondly, in urine sediments [21], [22] and blood of PCa and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) men, or healthy male age-matched subjects. Since our initial results pointed out a role for GLO1 in PCa progression, providing a biological background to the possible association of GLO1 A111E polymorphism with PCa, we, additionally, examined its association with progression, evaluated by stage and grade.…”

Nested polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of Gpc3 and Afp mRNA in liver cancer micrometastases

“…AFP is highly expressed in the fetal yolk sac, but is hardly expressed in healthy adults. However, AFP is expressed during liver cancer and can be used as a biomarker for it (Mearini et al, 2009;Ouyang et al, 2009;Filella and Giménez, 2013). Our study showed that the rate of occurrence of Afp mRNA in the peripheral blood of rats with liver cancer was 48.1% (39/81), and increased significantly with cancer progression, indicating an association between Afp mRNA levels and the number of hepatoma cells.…”