The combination of vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids has an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect on microglia

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology

“…New Insights into the Impact of Omega-3 in Microglia Importantly, none of these studies reported detrimental effects of PUFAs on microglia viability, except at very high doses (Moon et al, 2007;Antonietta Ajmone-Cat et al, 2012;Nadjar et al, 2017). Moreover, although EPA and DHA are both efficient almost to the same extent when applied separately, their effects are most often potentiated when combined (Zhang et al, 2010;Hjorth et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Kurtys et al, 2016;Inoue et al, 2017).…”

“…These latter play an important role in the general transcriptional control of numerous cellular processes, including lipid homeostasis and inflammation (Clark, 2002). Several in vitro studies showed that DHA and EPA activate PPARg in microglial cells as well, hence significantly decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors (Ebert et al, 2009;Antonietta Ajmone-Cat et al, 2012;Corsi et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Kurtys et al, 2016).…”

Therapeutic effects of dietary intervention on neuroinflammation and brain metabolism in a rat model of photothrombotic stroke

“…The diet investigated in this study was designed to target neuroinflammation, as it contains elevated amounts of components, such as vitamins A and D, omega‐3 fatty acids and specific amino acids (tryptophan), which all have been described to exert anti‐inflammatory effects on immune cells in vitro and in vivo . The indigestible galacto‐oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides have been included in the investigational diet, because they have been shown to modulate the immune system via alteration of gut microbiota and by direct interaction with peripheral immune cells and thus could have an indirect effect on neuroinflammation via the gut‐immune‐brain axis …”

“…48 The diet investigated in this study was designed to target neuroinflammation, as it contains elevated amounts of components, such as vitamins A and D, omega-3 fatty acids and specific amino acids (tryptophan), which all have been described to exert anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells in vitro and in vivo. 6,7,20,49,50 The indigestible galacto-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides have been F I G U R E 3 Infarct size on day 7 A, and day 21 B, after focal ischemia induction. The infarct size was assessed on the isolated brains by measuring the length (alongside Bregma) and width (perpendicularly to Bregma) of the visible scar.…”

Neuroinflammation is a putative target for the prevention and treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders

“…In an in vitro experiment, LPS-induced release of nitric oxide and IL-6 from a microglial cell line (BV-2 cells) was reduced when the culture medium included either omega-3 (docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic) fatty acids or vitamins A and D. Moreover, the grouping of vitamins A and D, together with omega-3 fatty acids, each at concentrations where they individually had little effect, combined to significantly reduce LPS-induced nitric oxide release. 36 Four-week administration of omega-3 fatty acids to rats fed a high-fat diet decreased astrogliosis (GFAP-positive cells in the cerebral cortex) and proinflammatory cytokines but not in the hippocampus 37 ; there was no improvement in cognitive decline.…”