The combinatorial use of propofol-fentanyl-ketamine for sedoanalgesia in patients undergoing urological procedures

Abstract

To compare sedoanalgesia achieved using propofol-fentanyl-ketamine (PFK) combination with general anesthesia (GA) in terms of safety, hemodynamic stability, and perioperative complications.Methods: Patients in the GA group were anesthetized using fentanyl (2 μg kg -1 ) and propofol (2 mg kg -1 ). The PFK group was anesthetized using a mixture of which each one ml contains 0.005 mg of fentanyl, 5 mg of propofol, 5 mg of ketamine, and 2 mg of lidocaine. Patients received an initial dose of 0.05 ml kg -1 , followed by 0.05 mg kg -1 60 seconds later. Maintenance boluses of 0.025 ml kg -1 were Original Article administered every 3-5 minutes. Respiration occurred spontaneously through a simple face mask with 3 L min -1 O 2 . Results:The GA group had 37 (37%) patients develop hypotensive episodes, compared to one (1%) episode in the PFK group (p<0.001). Five (5%) patients in the PFK group had an episode of transient O 2 desaturation, compared to one (1%) patient in the GA group (p=0.212). The duration of induction and termination of anesthesia were significantly shorter in the PFK group (p<0.001). Conclusion:The PFK combination herein described is safe, effective, and provides intraoperative hemodynamic stability in patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing urological procedures.