The Combined Cultivation of Feruloyl Esterase-Producing Strains with CMCase and Xylanase-Producing Strains Increases the Release of Ferulic Acid

Abstract

Feruloyl esterase (FAE)-producing micro-organisms to obtain ferulic acid (FA) from natural substrates have good industrial prospects, and the synergistic effect of multiple bacteria can better improve the yield of FA. In this study, on the premise of the synergistic effect of FAE, hemicellulose, and cellulase, the key strain Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 with FAE was combined with CMCase and Xylanase-producing strains to produce FA. The combination of strains with higher FA production are Klebsiella oxytoca Z28, Klebsiella pneumoniae JZE, Bacillus velezensis G1, and their FA production can reach 109.67 μg/g, which is 15% higher than that of single bacteria. To explore the effects of temperature, Ph, inoculum amount, distillers grains concentration and fermentation time on the FAE activity of the combination of strains in the fermentation process, and determined that temperature, Ph, and fermentation time were the main influencing factors and optimized through orthogonal design. The optimized fermentation conditions are 34 °C, Ph 8.0, and fermentation days for 6 days, the FAE activity can reach 270.78 U/L, and the FA yield of the combined strain is 324.50 μg/g, which is 200% higher than that of single-strain fermentation.

Changing the polyphenol composition and enhancing the enzyme activity of sorghum grain by solid‐state fermentation with different microbial strains

“…Filamentous fungi produce xylanolytic enzymes and cellulolytic enzymes via solid‐state culture when supplied with various xylan‐containing agricultural byproducts including wheat bran, corn cobs and oat hulls. The significantly higher xylanase activity in YMP‐30 was due to the notably higher cellulase and xylanase production capacity of R. oryzae , which is more often used for commercial purposes than the other strains 29 …”

“…The skins of several samples such as YM‐30 and YMP‐30 gradually started to crack. Upon fermentation for 48 h, the cortex was fissured and numerous holes were evident, which could be ascribed to the actions of carbohydrate‐hydrolyzing enzymes 29 . At 1200× magnification the slender plant fibers on the SG surface were clearly faded, the skin was significantly fragmented and peeling from the grain, and the holes formed by enzymolysis were more visible.…”

“…Upon fermentation for 48 h, the cortex was fissured and numerous holes were evident, which could be ascribed to the actions of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. 29 At 1200× magnification the slender plant fibers on the SG surface were clearly faded, the skin was significantly fragmented and peeling from the grain, and the holes formed by enzymolysis were more visible. Large quantities of cellulosethe major polysaccharide of SG cell wallsinhibit the hydration of starchy endosperm.…”

“…The significantly higher xylanase activity in YMP-30 was due to the notably higher cellulase and xylanase production capacity of R. oryzae, which is more often used for commercial purposes than the other strains. 29 Correlation analysis of polyphenol composition and enzyme activity Most polyphenols, especially insoluble-bound phenolics, are covalently bonded to structural components of the cereal cell wall (including cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin and proteins). For this reason, in the process of SSF, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases and glucanases can effectively release/transform insoluble-bound phenolics into soluble-free ones.…”

Boosting sugarcane trash decomposition: synergistic action and proximity effect of xylanase and feruloyl esterase co-displayed on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffi)

“…FAE. 58 Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of additives on the activities of XYN and FAE on the P. pastoris cell surface.…”