The Combined Effect of Static Stretching and Foam Rolling With or Without Vibration on the Range of Motion, Muscle Performance, and Tissue Hardness of the Knee Extensor

Abstract

Nakamura, M, Konrad, A, Kasahara, K, Yoshida, R, Murakami, Y, Sato, S, Aizawa, K, Koizumi, R, and Wilke, J. The combined effect of static stretching and foam rolling with or without vibration on the range of motion, muscle performance, and tissue hardness of the knee extensor. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 322–327, 2023—Although the combination of static stretching (SS) and foam rolling (FR) is frequently used for warm-up in sports, the effect of the intervention order is unclear. This study compared mechanical tissue properties, pain sensitivity, and motor function after SS and FR (with and without vibration) performed in different orders. Our randomized, controlled, crossover experiment included 15 healthy male subjects (22.5 ± 3.3 years) who visited the laboratory 5 times (inactive control condition, FR + SS, FRvibration + SS, SS + FR, and SS + FRvibration) with an interval of ≥48 hours. In each session, subjects completed three 60-second bouts of FR and SS, targeting the anterior thigh. Pressure pain threshold, tissue hardness, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal voluntary isometric (MVC-ISO), and concentric (MVC-CON) torque, as well as countermovement jump height, were determined before and after the intervention. All interventions significantly (p < 0.01) increased knee flexion ROM (d = 0.78, d = 0.87, d = 1.39, and d = 0.87, respectively) while decreasing tissue hardness (d = −1.25, d = −1.09, d = −1.18, and d = −1.24, respectively). However, MVC-ISO torque was significantly reduced only after FR + SS (p = 0.05, d = −0.59). Our results suggest that SS should be followed by FR when aiming to increase ROM and reduce tissue hardness without concomitant stretch-induced force deficits (MVC-ISO, MVC-CON, and countermovement jump height). Additionally, adding vibration to FR does not seem to affect the magnitude of changes observed in the examined outcomes.

The Time-Course Changes in Knee Flexion Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, and Rate of Force Development After Static Stretching

“…Therefore, an SS intervention should be avoided in sports requiring explosive muscle strength and balance function. On the other hand, it has been reported that a dynamic warm-up ( Samson, et al, 2012 ; Reid, JC et al, 2018 ), aerobic exercise ( Takeuchi and Nakamura, 2020 ; Takeuchi et al, 2021b ), or foam rolling with and without vibration ( Nakamura et al, 2022 ) after an SS intervention has a potentiation effect for the stretch-induced force deficit. Thus, it will be necessary to establish an optimal warm-up routine by investigating the effects of an SS intervention in actual warm-up routines.…”

Comparison of acute and prolonged effects of short-term foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on the properties of knee extensors

“…Individuals with a history of neuromuscular disease and musculoskeletal injury involving the lower extremities were excluded. The required sample size for a repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (effect size = 0.25 [large when considering interaction effects for 2-way ANOVAs], α error = 0.05, and power = 0.95) based on our previous study’s ROM results [ 21 ] using G* power 3.1 software (Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany) was more than 9 participants.…”

Comparison of the effects of different foam rolling durations on knee extensors function

“…Individuals with a history of neuromuscular disease and musculoskeletal injury involving the lower extremities were excluded. The required sample size for a repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (effect size = 0.25 [large when considering interaction effects for 2-way ANOVAs], αerror = 0.05, and power = 0.80) based on our previous study’s ROM results [ 14 ] using G* power 3.1 software (Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany) was more than eight participants.…”