The combined impact of blood pressure category and glucose abnormality on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a Japanese urban cohort: the Suita Study

Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Okamura, Tomonori; Watanabe, Makoto; Higashiyama, Aya; Ono, Yuu; Miyamoto, Yoshihiro; Furukawa, Yôko; Kamide, Kei; Kawanishi, Katsuyuki; Okayama, Akira; Yoshimasa, Yasunao

doi:10.1038/hr.2010.174

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The Suita study, 14,15 a cohort study of CVD, was established in 1989. In this study, 6485 participants who were randomly selected from the municipal population registry participated in a baseline survey at the National Cardiovascular Center (NCVC, currently, National Cerebral Cardiovascular Center) between September 1989 and February 1994.…”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study

et al. 2012

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The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is U-shaped, whereas alcohol drinking is linearly associated with blood pressure, and the CVD risk also increases linearly according to blood pressure level. Accordingly, we investigated the net effect of alcohol consumption and hypertension on CVD and its subtypes in this study. A 13-year prospective study of 2336 Japanese men who were free from CVD was performed; ex-drinkers were excluded. The participants were divided into eight groups classified by the combination of the presence of hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) and alcohol consumption (never-, current- (light, moderate and heavy) drinkers). Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke due to the combination of hypertension and alcohol consumption were calculated and compared with non-hypertensive never-drinkers. The HRs for CVD and its subtypes were higher in hypertensives than those in non-hypertensives; in hypertensives without medication for hypertension, the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risks for CVD and CAD was U-shaped, with the highest and most significant increase in never-drinkers. The risk for total stroke was the highest in heavy-drinkers, which was significant. In non-hypertensives, there was no evident increase or decrease in the HRs for CVD and its subtypes in drinkers. Accordingly, controlling blood pressure is important to prevent CVD. In hypertensives, heavy drinking should be avoided to prevent CVD, although light-to-moderate drinking could be protective for CAD. Furthermore, in non-hypertensives, drinkers may need to continuously monitor their blood pressure.

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Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study

et al. 2012

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“…8 There is an abundant literature based on conventional BP measurement showing that the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus substantially enhances the risk of cardiovascular complications. [9][10][11] However, it remains uncertain whether diabetes and hypertension are simply additive risk factors in relation to cardiovascular outcome or whether they act synergistically and potentiate one another. Also, the risk related to white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in patients with diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes is not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are blood pressure and diabetes additive or synergistic risk factors? Outcome in 8494 subjects randomly recruited from 10 populations

Sehestedt

Hansen

et al. 2011

Hypertens Res

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It remains unknown whether diabetes and high blood pressure (BP) are simply additive risk factors for cardiovascular outcome or whether they act synergistically and potentiate one another. We performed 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring in 8494 subjects (mean age, 54.6 years; 47.0% women; 6.9% diabetic patients) enrolled in prospective population studies in 10 countries. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, we assessed the additive as opposed to the synergistic effects of BP and diabetes in relation to a composite cardiovascular endpoint by testing the significance of appropriate interaction terms. During 10.6 years (median follow-up), 1066 participants had a cardiovascular complication. Diabetes mellitus as well as the 24-h ambulatory BP were independent and powerful predictors of the composite cardiovascular endpoint. However, there was no synergistic interaction between diabetes and 24-h, daytime, or nighttime, systolic or diastolic ambulatory BP (P for interaction, 0.07pPp0.97). The only exception was a borderline synergistic effect between diabetes and daytime diastolic BP in relation to the composite cardiovascular endpoint (P¼0.04). In diabetic patients, with normotension as the reference group, the adjusted hazard ratios for the cardiovascular endpoint were 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-2.11) for white-coat hypertension, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.22-2.60) for masked hypertension and 2.44 (95% CI, 1.92-3.11) for sustained hypertension. The hazard ratios for non-diabetic subjects were not different from those of diabetic patients (P-values for interaction, 0.09pPp0.72).In conclusion, in a large international population-based database, both diabetes mellitus and BP contributed equally to the risk of cardiovascular complications without evidence for a synergistic effect.

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“…Elevated blood glucose is a risk of incident CI. 37 Therefore, coffee consumption may reduce the risk of CI by improving glucose levels.…”

Section: May 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Green Tea and Coffee Consumption on the Reduced Risk of Stroke Incidence in Japanese Population

Kokubo

Iso

Saito

et al. 2013

Stroke

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Background and Purpose— Few prospective studies have examined the impact of both green tea and coffee consumption on strokes. We investigated the association of the combination of those consumption with stroke incidence in a general population. Methods— We studied 82 369 Japanese (aged 45–74 years; without cardiovascular disease [CVD] or cancer in 1995 and 1998 for Cohort I and II, respectively) who received 13 years of mean follow-up through the end of 2007. Green tea and coffee consumption was assessed by self-administered food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Results— In the 1 066 718 person-years of follow-up, we documented the incidence of strokes (n=3425) and coronary heart disease (n=910). Compared with seldom drinking green tea, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.86 (0.78–0.95) and 0.80 (0.73–0.89) in green tea 2 to 3 and ≥4 cups/d, respectively. Higher green tea consumption was associated with inverse risks of CVD and strokes subtypes. Compared with seldom drinking coffee, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.89 (0.80–0.99), 0.80 (0.72–0.90), and 0.81 (0.72–0.91) for coffee 3 to 6 times/week and 1 and ≥2 times/day, respectively. Coffee consumption was associated with an inverse risk of CVD and cerebral infarction. Higher green tea or coffee consumption reduced the risks of CVD and stroke subtypes (especially in intracerebral hemorrhage, P for interaction between green tea and coffee=0.04). None of the significant association was observed in coronary heart disease. Conclusions— Higher green tea and coffee consumption were inversely associated with risk of CVD and stroke in general population.

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The combined impact of blood pressure category and glucose abnormality on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a Japanese urban cohort: the Suita Study

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study

Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study

Are blood pressure and diabetes additive or synergistic risk factors? Outcome in 8494 subjects randomly recruited from 10 populations

The Impact of Green Tea and Coffee Consumption on the Reduced Risk of Stroke Incidence in Japanese Population

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