The combined thickness of uterus and placenta (CTUP) and vulvar conformation of the mare

Souza, Andreza Morais de; Winter, Gustavo Henrique Zimmermann; Gregory, Joana; Jobim, Mariana; Gregory, Ricardo Macedo; Mattos, R.C.

doi:10.21836/pem20140601

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since then, PPV has been increasingly and successfully employed in the treatment of ERU in Europe (Werry and Gerhards 1991, Winterberg 1997, Frühauf et al 1998, Gilger and Spiess 2006. A PPV should be performed in horses that suffered from at least two inflammatory bouts or in horses in which clear clinical changes in terms of ERU have been determined (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014). The PPV is no-indicative nor useful, if a progressed cataract formation or a phthisis bulbi is already present (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014).…”

Section: Pars Plana Vitrectomy (Ppv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A PPV should be performed in horses that suffered from at least two inflammatory bouts or in horses in which clear clinical changes in terms of ERU have been determined (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014). The PPV is no-indicative nor useful, if a progressed cataract formation or a phthisis bulbi is already present (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014). In those cases an enucleation of the bulbus would be indicated, in order to save the horse from painful inflammatory episodes (Gerhards .…”

Section: Pars Plana Vitrectomy (Ppv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this study have shown that the CsA implant decreases long-term vision loss of horses with ERU and decreases vision loss to a greater extent in Appaloosa horses. Baumgart and Gerhards (2014) discussed which form of therapy, either vitrectomy or CsA-implant would be more reasonable for uveitis treatment in Appaloosa horses, Knabstruppers and other horses of the Leopard type.…”

Section: Cyclosporine a Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of leptospira negative test results was 55 %. Because of the less frequent involvement of leptospira infections in Appaloosa horses, Knabstruppers and Leopards, vitrectomy serves only for the removal of vitreous opacities, but not to prevent or stop further inflammatory episodes (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014).…”

Section: Cyclosporine a Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pferdeheilkunde -Equine Medicine 34 (2018) 118 breeds the incidence of ERU is higher. They show a special type of uveitis (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014). Horses of endangered breeds e.g.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical experiences after the insertion of a Cyclosporine-A drug delivery device in horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Waid¹,

Töth²,

Buijs³

et al. 2018

PHK

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Several studies have dealt with the etiopathogenesis-, diagnostics as well as the conservative and surgical treatment methods of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) with different outcomes. Because of potential side effects of applied medication, the risk of doping in the case of sport horses and the problem of future uveitis episodes, a traditional medical treatment is not always feasible.This circumstance requires other promising therapeutic approaches, such as the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and the insertion of a cyclosporine-A (CsA) drug delivery device. The literature provides varying perspectives on both of the aforementioned methods. Besides the successful PPV, the cyclosporine-A implant is proposed and applied with an increased frequency due to its nature of being an easier and financially lucrative surgical technique. Currently cyclosporine implants cannot be obtained and applied legally in Germany, therefore any usage is signified as a serious breach of the Medicines Law. According to the literature it appears that the majority of authors consider the PPV to be an effective treatment method only for leptospira positive tested horses, but nor for eyes testing negative for leptospiral antibodies. This retrospective study included 24 ERU patients of different age, gender and breeds that were initially examined by ophthalmological specialists beforehand and treated with suprachoroidal CsA implants. These horses having the CsAI still suffered from uveitis episodes, as the implant only masked inflammatory bouts resulting in a proceeding damage of intraocular structures. This circumstance required another therapeutic approach. Undiluted vitreous humor samples of all of the 24 horses were taken and were tested for specific antibodies against 9 different serovars of Leptospira interrogans by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The ERU-diseased eyes of 4 horses were removed and in one horse an intrascleral eye prosthesis was inserted. Between 2013 and 2017 19/24 horses with ERU (79.2 %) with CsA implants, still having uveitis episodes, were treated via single port PPV. The outcome of the PPV and the postoperative course of the horses were followed up. The evaluation of efficacy of the PPV was deduced either directly by follow-up examinations (n = 8), photographic documentation and patient records or indirectly by questioning the referring owners (n =11). 14/19 horses (73.7 %) were tested positive for intraocular leptospira antibodies and 5/19 horses (26.3 %) have been tested intraocular MAT negative. The absence of active uveitis was considered a success irrespective of the visual outcome of the surgical treated eyes. A total of 14/19 horses (73.7 %) remained relapse-free over a period of 5 to 63 months. 10/14 horses (71.4 %) with leptospiral antibodies in the vitreous humor had no further uveitis relapses postoperatively, while only 1/5 horses (20 %) tested MAT negative continued to episodes of ERU. The comparison between numbers of horses with positive or negative leptospiral antibodies in vitreous humor in relat...

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Section: Pars Plana Vitrectomy (Ppv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pars Plana Vitrectomy (Ppv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclosporine a Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclosporine a Implantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pferdeheilkunde -Equine Medicine 34 (2018) 118 breeds the incidence of ERU is higher. They show a special type of uveitis (Baumgart and Gerhards 2014). Horses of endangered breeds e.g.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinical experiences after the insertion of a Cyclosporine-A drug delivery device in horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Waid¹,

Töth²,

Buijs³

et al. 2018

PHK

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Improving the laboratory diagnosis of leptospiral uveitis in horses by using an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in intraocular samples

Loibl¹,

Gerhards²,

Brem³

et al. 2018

PHK

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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a frequently occurring disease, at least in horses in Germany. A vitrectomy is predominantly the course of action in cases where a chronic intraocular leptospiral infection is present. In some cases, the clinical and ophthalmological diagnosis is not conclusive and in these cases a preoperative laboratory test using anterior chamber fluid is indicated. However, false negative results occur when only MAT is used. The aim of this study was to investigate intraocular samples from horses with recurrent uveitis by using ELISA to detect anti-leptospiral antibodies and to compare the results to those of more established laboratory tests, i. e. MAT and PCR. Preliminary investigations indicated a high sensitivity of ELISA in the detection of leptospiral uveitis in horses. 80 eyes of 72 diseased horses were included in the study. The patients' history was taken and a thorough ophthalmologic examination was performed. Intraocular fluids were obtained by diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis (n = 29) or therapeutic vitrectomy (n = 80) and submitted for MAT, ELISA and PCR to detect leptospiral antibodies and/or DNA. The ELISA allowed the separate determination of the immunoglobulin classes M, G and A. For statistical evaluation Cohen's kappa and the chi-square tests were applied and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered to be significant. 22 healthy horses (n = 42 eyes) served as controls. 78 % of vitreous samples from horses with ERU and 10 % of healthy controls reacted positively in the MAT, whereas in the ELISA it was 85 % and 0 %, and in the PCR it was 61% and 0 %, respectively. Specific IgA was detected in 84 % of the vitreous samples from horses with ERU, and in 11% of cases, IgA was solely detectable. Differences were highly significant (p<0.001). None of the aqueous samples in the control group contained leptospiral antibodies. Up to 64 % of aqueous humour specimens that were obtained for diagnostic purposes yielded a positive result in the MAT. For the ELISA, it was even 89 %. Anti-leptospiral IgA was the most frequently detected immunoglobulin class. There was a high level of agreement in the MAT and ELISA results. However, ELISA provided a greater number of positive results. The detection of IgA against leptospires proved to be especially sensitive for an intraocular leptospiral infection and, thus, important for the laboratory diagnosis of leptospiral uveitis in horses. Looking at the cost involved in laboratory tests, it would be reasonable to start with an IgA ELISA. Only if there are negative results, additional tests could be performed. In single IgA negative cases there might be positive reactions using MAT, PCR or ELISA for IgG or IgM.

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Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp.

2021

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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is typically caused by chronic intraocular leptospiral infection in warm-blooded horses in central Europe. The most effective therapy for leptospiral-induced ERU is the surgical removal of diseased vitreous (vitrectomy). Since vitrectomy is a highly specialized and invasive surgery, the indication must be determined very carefully. In order to obtain evidence of intraocular leptospiral infection by laboratory diagnostics in questionable leptospiral ERU-cases, sampling of aqueous humor is required, because serum tests using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) are too unspecific. The SNAP Lepto is a cross-species rapid test for the detection of anti-Lipl32 antibodies that has a high sensitivity (0.97) and specificity (1.00) for the detection of anti-leptospiral antibodies using aqueous humor or vitreous samples, which is comparable to MAT. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of SNAP Lepto using serum, serum samples from 90 horses with confirmed leptospiral ERU and from 103 ocularly healthy horses were tested by both MAT and SNAP Lepto. Sensitivity was similar for both tests (0.82 vs. 0.79), but specificity was lower for MAT (0.52 vs. 0.95). Sensitivity and specificity are therefore lower in serum samples compared to intraocular samples, however, the SNAP Lepto is far superior to MAT and suitable as a screening method using equine serum.

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The combined thickness of uterus and placenta (CTUP) and vulvar conformation of the mare

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical experiences after the insertion of a Cyclosporine-A drug delivery device in horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Clinical experiences after the insertion of a Cyclosporine-A drug delivery device in horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Improving the laboratory diagnosis of leptospiral uveitis in horses by using an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in intraocular samples

Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp.

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