The coming wave of aluminum sheet scrap from vehicle recycling in the United States

Zhu, Yongxian; Chappuis, Laurent; Kleine, Robert De; Kim, Hyung Chul; Wallington, Timothy J.; Luckey, George; Cooper, Daniel R.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105208

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The economic feasibility analysis assumed that 30,171 passengers cars can be dismantled for recycling every 250 d [ 2 , 6 , 25 ], corresponding to 121 ELV/d being remanufactured. In this calculation, it was assumed that a typical ELV has an average weight of ~1 t/ELV, where net weight of steel is 754 kg/ELV [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extensive use of steel and other metals in automobile bodies results in a waste stream of ELVs with a high embodied energy (25–28 MJ/kg) [ 1 ]. Currently, 1200 kt/year of waste steel sheet (WSS) from automotive bodies is generated in the United States alone, which is expected to increase to ~125 kt/year by 2035 and 246 kt/year by 2050 [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling: Remanufacturing waste sheet steel into mesh sheet

Abdullah

2021

PLoS ONE

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The automobile industry contributes significantly to global energy use and carbon emissions. Hence, there are significant economic and environmental benefits in recovering materials from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). Here, the remanufacturing of waste steel sheet (WSS) from ELVs into useful mesh steel sheet (MSS) for metal forming applications was evaluated based on its technological, economic, and environmental feasibility. A remanufacturing plant with a dismantling capacity of over 30,171 ELV/year and a recovery capacity of 1000 m2/d of WSS was used as a case study. Remanufacturing can achieve a total reduction of ~3800 kg CO2/ELV and an economic benefit of ~775 USD/ELV compared with conventional recycling. The calculated feasibility indexes were similar to or exceeded standard feasibility thresholds, indicating that WSS remanufacturing is a viable sustainable development route and has synergistic benefits when combined with existing recycling plants, especially in developing countries as small-to-medium enterprises.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling: Remanufacturing waste sheet steel into mesh sheet

Abdullah

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Despite the dominance of use-phase emissions in most LCAs, there are at least three reasons why production and disposal emissions are important to consider in analyses of future LDV emissions: Vehicle production emissions are increasing both in absolute terms and relative to life cycle emissions. Lightweight structural materials (e.g., aluminum and composites) are increasingly used in vehicle construction but are more emission-intensive to produce than traditional steel vehicle structures. , The shift in powertrains is also increasing production emissions with recent LCAs finding that production accounts for 40–70% of BEV life cycle GHG emissions depending on the battery size. ,− Dai et al (2019) estimated that 70% of Li-ion battery production emissions are from battery cell manufacturing, where half of those emissions are from mining and refining the electrode materials (e.g., Li 2 CO 3 and CoSO 4 ) . Increased EOL recycling could reduce production emissions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Light-Duty Transport in Line with the 2 °C Target

Zhu

Skerlos

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Making, driving, and disposing of U.S. light-duty vehicles (LDVs) account for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions related to energy and processing. This study calculates future emissions and global temperature rises attributable to U.S. LDVs. We examine how 2021−2050 U.S. LDV cumulative emissions can be limited to 23.1 Gt CO 2equiv , helping to limit global warming to less than 2 °C. We vary four vehicle life cycle parameters (transport demand, sales share of alternative fuel vehicles, vehicle material recycling rates, and vehicle lifespans) in a dynamic fleet analysis to determine annual LDV sales, scrappage, and fleet compositions. We combine these data with vehicle technology and electricity emission scenarios to calculate annual production, use, and disposal emissions attributable to U.S. LDVs. Only 3% of the 1512 modeled pathways stay within the emission limit. Cumulative emissions are most sensitive to transport demand, and the speed of fleet electrification and electricity decarbonization. Increasing production of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to 100% of sales by 2040 (at the latest) is necessary, and early retirement of internal combustion engine vehicles is beneficial. Rapid electricity decarbonization minimizes emissions from BEV use and increasingly energy-intensive vehicle production. Deploying high fuel economy vehicles can increase emissions from the production of BEV batteries and lightweight materials. Increased recycling has a small effect on these emissions because over the time period there are few postconsumer batteries and lightweight materials available for recycling. Without aggressive actions, U.S. LDVs will likely exceed the cumulative emissions budget by 2039 and contribute a further 0.02 °C to global warming by 2050, 2.7% of the remaining global 2 °C budget.

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“…Light alloys are current prominent solutions when compared to classic steel construction, occupying a significant quota in the manufacturing economy [6][7][8]. Their use generates a significant decrease in density (33% and 77%, respectively for Al and Mg alloys) when compared to steel [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Methodology on Casting-Based Aluminium Matrix Composites: Systematic Review

Grilo

Carneiro

Teixeira

et al. 2021

Metals

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Ongoing industrial demand for lightweight materials has spiked the research interest in aluminium-based metal matrix composites for its specific properties. The amount of scientific publication available on the matter has led to the vast production of knowledge, which highlights the need for a systematic assessment if further progress is expected. In this paper, a systematic review of the published literature is conducted, according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, on the Scopus and Web of Science databases were used in the literature search, which was completed on the 29 August 2020. The data of the research work is structured in the particle pre-processing stage and the melt processing stage. The present review clarifies the combined pair-wise effect of particles and the melt treatment performed on their wettability or dispersive or de-agglomerative capability, which allows to achieve their final mechanical properties.

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The coming wave of aluminum sheet scrap from vehicle recycling in the United States

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling: Remanufacturing waste sheet steel into mesh sheet

Assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling: Remanufacturing waste sheet steel into mesh sheet

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Light-Duty Transport in Line with the 2 °C Target

Manufacturing Methodology on Casting-Based Aluminium Matrix Composites: Systematic Review

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