The common bedbug Cimex lectularius in African huts

Newberry, K.; Jansen, E.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(86)90165-3

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The present study demonstrates the reproduction potential of bed bug infestations given varying access to blood supply, and different scenarios of incomplete control the bed bug populations. Simulations resulted in populations with nymph‐to‐adult ratios similar to those observed in the field (Newberry & Jansen, 1986). Under various scenarios simulated in the studies, the potential consequences of bed bug feeding to the humans in infested structures are considerable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Potential population growth and harmful effects on humans from bed bug populations exposed to different feeding regimes

Pereira

Taylor

Lehnert

et al. 2012

Medical Vet Entomology

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Effects of host availability and feeding period on bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), were measured. Population growth and the potential harmful effect of bed bug populations on human hosts were modelled. Bloodmeal sizes were affected by both feeding length and frequency, with >2-fold difference between insects fed daily or weekly. Blood consumption increased >2-fold between bed bugs fed occasionally and often, and 1.5-fold between occasional and daily feeding. Bed bugs fed more often than once a week, potentially every 2-4 days. Egg production was associated with nutrition, being strongly correlated with blood consumption in the previous week. Bed bug populations can grow under different feeding regimes and are hard to control with <80% mortality. Bed bugs can survive and grow even in locations with a limited blood supply, where bed bug persistence may be important for the continual spread of populations. Persistence in non-traditional locations and a potential association with human pathogens increase the health risks of bed bugs. Potential blood loss as a result of a bed bug can have serious consequences because uncontrolled populations can reach harmful levels in 3-8 months. The reproduction potential of bed bug populations suggests serious consequences to human health and the need for efficacious control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Potential population growth and harmful effects on humans from bed bug populations exposed to different feeding regimes

Pereira

Taylor

Lehnert

et al. 2012

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Residents might object to spraying if they think that spraying is a cause of the bed bug problem [23]. A study on the size and life stage structures of heavy infestations of bed bugs in Zulu huts in South Africa also reported that people whitewash walls after DDT spraying since it is perceived to increase biting by bed bugs [24]. A review of malaria control in India has noted that householders are “definitely suffering from high populations of bed bugs resistant to DDT and BHC” [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“My children and I will no longer suffer from malaria”: a qualitative study of the acceptance and rejection of indoor residual spraying to prevent malaria in Tanzania

Kaufman

Rweyemamu

Koenker

et al. 2012

Malar J

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify attitudes and misconceptions related to acceptance or refusal of indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Tanzania for both the general population and among certain groups (e.g., farmers, fishermen, community leaders, and women).MethodsThis study was a series of qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 on Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. Three groups of participants were targeted: acceptors of IRS (those who have already had their homes sprayed), refusers (those whose communities have been sprayed, but refused to have their individual home sprayed), and those whose houses were about to be sprayed as part of IRS scale-up. Interviews were also conducted with farmers, fishermen, women, community leaders and members of non-government organizations responsible for community mobilization around IRS.ResultsResults showed refusers are a very small percentage of the population. They tend to be more knowledgeable people such as teachers, drivers, extension workers, and other civil servants who do not simply follow the orders of the local government or the sprayers, but are skeptical about the process until they see true results. Refusal took three forms: 1) refusing partially until thorough explanation is provided; 2) accepting spray to be done in a few rooms only; and 3) refusing outright. In most of the refusal interviews, refusers justified why their houses were not sprayed, often without admitting that they had refused. Reasons for refusal included initial ignorance about the reasons for IRS, uncertainty about its effectiveness, increased prevalence of other insects, potential physical side effects, odour, rumours about the chemical affecting fertility, embarrassment about moving poor quality possessions out of the house, and belief that the spray was politically motivated.ConclusionsTo increase IRS acceptance, participants recommended more emphasis on providing thorough public education, ensuring the sprayers themselves are more knowledgeable about IRS, and asking that community leaders encourage participation by their constituents rather than threatening punishment for noncompliance. While there are several rumours and misconceptions concerning IRS in Tanzania, acceptance is very high and continues to increase as positive results become apparent.Swahili AbstractUsuliMalengo mahususi ya utafiti huu ni kutambua tabia na imani potofu zinazopelekea kukubali au kutakaa upuliaziaji wa dawa ya kuua mbu majumbani (IRS) katika Tanzania kwa watu wote kwa ujumla na kwa makundi maalumu ya watu (kama wakulima, wavuvi, viongozi wa jamii na wanawake).NjiaUtafiti huu ni mfululizo wa tafiti stahilifu zenye sehemu ya muundo, tafiti za kina na majadilianao ya vikundi vya walengwa yaliyofanyika Tanzania bara na Zanzibar kuanzia mwezi Oktoba, 2010 hadi mwezi Machi, 2011. Yalikuwepo makundi matatu ya walengwa: wanaokubali IRS (wale ambao nyumba zao zilikwisha kupulizwa dawa ya kuua mbu) wasiokubali (hii ni jamii ili...

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“…A project is much more likely to be sustainable if the community identifies with an initiative and feels that it is benefitting from its involvement and seeing results. Long‐standing programmes have reported compliance problems (Newberry & Jansen 1986; Mnzava et al. 1998; Attanayake et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost and cost‐effectiveness of malaria vector control by residual insecticide house‐spraying in southern Mozambique: a rural and urban analysis

Conteh

Sharp²,

Streat

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjectives To compare two separately funded, but operationally similar, residual household-spraying (RHS) initiatives; one rural and one peri-urban in southern Mozambique.methods The rural programme is a regional project involving the participation and co-ordination of organizations across three countries in southern Africa and is focussed on control in an area in Mozambique of 7552 km 2 . The second programme focusses on spraying a peri-urban community within a 10-km radius around MOZAL, an aluminium smelter plant of area 410 km 2 . An ingredients approach was used to derive unit costs for both the rural and peri-urban spraying programmes using detail retrospective cost data and effectiveness indicators.results The economic cost per person covered per year using Carbamates for indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the rural area, excluding the costs of project management and monitoring and surveillance was $3.48 and in the peri-urban area, $2.16. The financial costs per person covered in the rural area and peri-urban area per year were $3.86 and $2.41, respectively. The economic costs per person covered were respectively increased by 39% and 31% when project management and monitoring and surveillance were included. The main driving forces behind the costs of delivering RHS are twofold: the population covered and insecticide used. Computed economic and financial costs are presented for all four insecticide families available for use in RHS.conclusions The results from both these initiatives, especially the rural area, should be interpreted as conservative cost estimates as they exclude the additional health gains that the newly introduced programmes have had on malaria rates in the neighbouring areas of South Africa and Swaziland. Both these initiatives show that introducing an IRS programme can deliver a reduction in malaria-related suffering providing financial support, political will, collaborative management and training and community involvement are in place.keywords malaria, cost analysis, residual household-spraying, southern Africa

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The common bedbug Cimex lectularius in African huts

Abstract: The size and life-stage structure of heavy infestations of C. lectularius in Zulu huts were determined. The presence of more than one person in a hut at night, and control measures attempted by hut owners were found not to influence bedbug numbers significantly.

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Potential population growth and harmful effects on humans from bed bug populations exposed to different feeding regimes

Potential population growth and harmful effects on humans from bed bug populations exposed to different feeding regimes

“My children and I will no longer suffer from malaria”: a qualitative study of the acceptance and rejection of indoor residual spraying to prevent malaria in Tanzania

The cost and cost‐effectiveness of malaria vector control by residual insecticide house‐spraying in southern Mozambique: a rural and urban analysis

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