“…Nurses, as the MV patients' primary communication partner, need to have the knowledge, and skill to support communication and the use of AC strategies. Nurse-identified barriers to effective communication with MV patients including time, difficulty lip reading, and frustration at being unable to understand the patient (Bergbom-Engberg & Haljamae, 1993; Leathart, 1994). Many of these barriers can be linked to the lack of formal training in communication techniques (Finke et al, 2008) that leaves nurses to learn communication strategies through trial and error or observation of peers (Leathart, 1994; Magnus & Turkington, 2006).…”