The Communicative Model of Learning Speaking in Higher Education

Abstract

In each learning model at any college or university, commonly involves students and lecturers. Ideally, learning to speak takes place in a reciprocal (interactive) communication model, which normally occur either horizontal or vertical communication. However, in fact, in several colleges there is still often learning oriented to lecturers, while students remain on their characters who are afraid to speak, nervous, etc. This study aims to describe the undertaken communication model in learning to speak in college. This study was designed with qualitative research using a classroom discourse approach. The data of this study are a number of fragments of conversations conducted by lecturers and students in speaking lectures at four colleges, namely colleges 1, 2, 3, and 4. The data collection techniques in this study applied observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results showed that the communication model in the speaking subject at colleges 1 and 2 took place vertically and horizontally. By applying the methods of discussion, presentation, debate, students share opportunities in constructing knowledge. In addition, students were invited to open-ended questions. However, in colleges 3 and 4 communication between students and lecturers is dominantly vertical, the learning model used is question and answer varied and individual presentations. Students respond more to closed questions. Therefore, the communication model that ideally supports students' speaking ability is the horizontal communication model, while vertical communication is a variation thereof.