The Community Health Worker Core Consensus (C3) Project Story: Confirming the Core Roles and Skills of Community Health Workers

Rosenthal, E. Lee; Fox, Durrell J.; John, Julie St.; Allen, Caitlin G.; Menking, Paige; Brownstein, J. Nell; Hirsch, Gail R.; Redondo-Martinez, Floribella; Holderby-Fox, Lisa Renee; Ibarra, Jorge; Palmer, Colton Lee; Hurley, Alexander Ross; Cole, Maria; Masoud, Sara S.; Wright, Jessica Uriarte; Rush, Carl H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56375-2_2

Cited by 39 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our findings pertaining to CHW support are consistent with previous studies of CHW programs to address chronic diseases and population health, 10,22 and nationally recognized essential skills for CHWs, namely being trained and supported in a full range of roles across all levels of the socioecological model, and receiving sufficient and appropriate supervision. 23 States are proceeding with CHW certification efforts to standardize the CHW workforce, and training or certification requirements are becoming more important hiring criteria for CHWs and may enhance opportunities for reimbursement. 5,24 Certification and training may create barriers for entry into the profession, although allowing experience to substitute for training requirements and offering assistance to offset tuition may reduce these barriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Building Sustainable Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Maternal Health

Mehra

Boyd

Lewis

et al. 2020

J Prim Care Community Health

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Objectives Community health workers (CHWs) are a critical part of the healthcare workforce and valuable members of healthcare teams. However, little is known about successful strategies for sustaining CHW programs. The aim of this study is to identify institutional and community factors that may contribute to the sustainability of CHW programs to improve maternal health outcomes. Methods We conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with 54 CHWs, CHW program staff, and community partners involved in implementing three Merck for Mothers-funded CHW programs in the United States serving reproductive-age women with chronic health conditions. Additionally, a review of documents submitted by CHW programs during the evaluation process provided context for our findings. Data were analyzed using an inductive qualitative approach. Results Three themes emerged in our analysis of factors that may influence the sustainability of CHW programs to improve maternal health: CHW support from supervisors, providers, and peers; relationships with healthcare systems and insurers; and securing adequate, continuous funding. Key findings include the need for CHWs to have strong supervisory structures, participate in regular care team meetings, and interact with peers; advantages of CHWs having access to electronic health records; and importance of full-cost accounting and developing a broad base of financial support for CHW programs. Conclusion Research should continue to identify best practices for implementation of such programs, particularly regarding effective supervisory support structures, integration of programs with healthcare systems, and long-term revenue streams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Building Sustainable Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Maternal Health

Mehra

Boyd

Lewis

et al. 2020

J Prim Care Community Health

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“…For example, George et al describe a conceptual approach for CHW curriculum development focused on clinical settings while Lee et al discuss training methods and deliveries to strengthen CHW workforce readiness capacities in clinical and practice settings. Rajabiun et al highlight a CHW training program (HIV/chronic disease focused) that engages the National CHW Core Consensus (C3) project framework ( 2 ). Elkugia et al describe strengths of a scalable CHW-led home visit training program: community based participatory approach, continuous engagement, RE-AIM evaluation framework, and continuous adaption through integrating lessons learned— Byrd-Williams et al summarize key findings from a CHW survey during COVID-19 and conclude with recommendations related to training needs for responding to and serving during public health emergencies.…”

Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Community Health Workers Practice From Recruitment to Integration

John

Fox²,

Rosenthal

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Second , based on our review of the literature and input from the national experts, we used the CHW Consensus Project (C3 Project) to provide curricular standards and guide the identification of content areas and learning objectives for the 10 modules of our curriculum. The C3 project includes a list of 10 CHW roles/functions and 11 associated skills, with multiple skills and CHW qualities necessary to support each role ( 29 ). The 10 CHW roles proposed by the C3 project refer to key CHW functions related to (1) cultural mediation, (2) culturally-appropriate health education, (3) care coordination and navigation, (4) coaching/social support, (5) advocacy, (6) capacity building, (7) direct services (8) individual/community assessment, (9) outreach, (10) evaluation and research ( 29 ).…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C3 project includes a list of 10 CHW roles/functions and 11 associated skills, with multiple skills and CHW qualities necessary to support each role ( 29 ). The 10 CHW roles proposed by the C3 project refer to key CHW functions related to (1) cultural mediation, (2) culturally-appropriate health education, (3) care coordination and navigation, (4) coaching/social support, (5) advocacy, (6) capacity building, (7) direct services (8) individual/community assessment, (9) outreach, (10) evaluation and research ( 29 ). The grassroots history of CHWs, their ability to catalyze community growth, and the necessity and dynamics of their communication skills are reflected in the list of the ten roles and eleven skills proposed by the C3 project ( 9 ).…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…relied on a small sample of primarily clinically based CHWs, (which) resulted in an overly medicalized model of core competencies that is inadequately aligned with CHW workforce history, current practice, and well-regarded research” ( 26 ). The most comprehensive and widely accepted set of CHW standards to date was proposed by The CHW Core Consensus Project (The C3 Project), a nationally-based collaborative effort between working CHWs, CHW curriculum developers and other allies ( 27 ). The C3 project proposed a recommended list of 10 roles and 11 skills and endorsed existing knowledge about CHW qualities that may be used as a reference for working CHWs or those working with CHWs.…”

Section: Introduction: Background and Rationale For The Educational Activity Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of a Novel, Standards-Based Core Curriculum for Community Facing, Clinic-Based Community Health Workers

George

Silva

Llamas

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: Historically, CHW trainings have been developed to support community-based CHWs. When CHWs have been trained to engage with patients, typically such trainings have been for short term grant funded projects, focusing on a specific health intervention and not for long term, ongoing engagement of CHWs employed in clinical settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort to describe the development of a standards-based training curriculum for clinic-based CHWs using a novel conceptual framework.Methods: Our conceptual approach for curricular development has several innovative features including: (1) a foundational consultation process with CHW national experts to inform curricular development approach, process and content; (2) utilization of the CHW Consensus Project (C3 Project) to provide curricular standards and guide learning objectives; (3) integration of three key stakeholder group perspectives (patients, healthcare teams, and healthcare systems); (4) use of popular education principles, aiming to foster a collaborative learning process; (5) integration of adult learning principles which build on learners' experiences, culminating in a modified apprenticeship model and (6) collaboration with clinical partners throughout planning and development of the curriculum.Results: The resulting standards-based curriculum is comprised of 10 modules, which span three areas of focus: (1) Establishing a professional CHW identity and competencies; (2) Outlining the context, processes and key actors in health care settings with whom CHWs will engage; and (3) Identifying the main forces that shape health and health care outcomes of patients/families and communities.Discussion: We highlight four lessons from our curriculum development process that may help other such efforts. First, curricular development should utilize CHW standards, existing training materials, and community-focused principles to inform curricular content and learning outcomes. Second, curricula should support training delivery using experience-based, participatory approaches, consistent with adult education and popular education principles. Third, training development for clinical settings should also draw from clinical CHW experiences and input. Fourth, curricula should support training for key stakeholders and champions in clinical organizations to improve organizational readiness for integrating CHWs into healthcare teams and health systems. Our results contribute to growing research on effective CHW training methods for clinical settings.

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The Community Health Worker Core Consensus (C3) Project Story: Confirming the Core Roles and Skills of Community Health Workers

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Considerations for Building Sustainable Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Maternal Health

Considerations for Building Sustainable Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Maternal Health

Editorial: Community Health Workers Practice From Recruitment to Integration

The Development of a Novel, Standards-Based Core Curriculum for Community Facing, Clinic-Based Community Health Workers

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