The Community Matrix and Interdependence of the Competition Coefficients

Neill, William E.

doi:10.1086/282922

Cited by 144 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…Interactive effects have pervasive implications. In community ecology, the existence of interactive effects implies that community dynamics cannot be predicted by the interaction coefficients estimated in pairwise experiments (Wilbur 1972, Neill 1974, Wootton 1993, and in evolutionary ecology, interactive effects may cause the selective impact that one species imposes on plants to vary with community context (Hougen-Eitzman and Rausher 1994). In biological control of invasive weeds, the potential for antagonistic interactions between biocontrol agents has underlain the argument for limiting the number of species introduced (McEvoy andCoombs 1999, Denoth et al 2002), while the opposing argument, that multiple agents may have synergistic effects if the stress imposed by one agent renders the plant even more susceptible to another, is also plausible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Interactive Effects of Enemies and Mutualists on Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Morris

Hufbauer

Agrawal

et al. 2007

Ecology

227

221

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Abstract. Plants engage in multiple, simultaneous interactions with other species; some (enemies) reduce and others (mutualists) enhance plant performance. Moreover, effects of different species may not be independent of one another; for example, enemies may compete, reducing their negative impact on a plant. The magnitudes of positive and negative effects, as well as the frequency of interactive effects and whether they tend to enhance or depress plant performance, have never been comprehensively assessed across the many published studies on plant-enemy and plant-mutualist interactions. We performed a meta-analysis of experiments in which two enemies, two mutualists, or an enemy and a mutualist were manipulated factorially. Specifically, we performed a factorial meta-analysis using the log response ratio. We found that the magnitude of (negative) enemy effects was greater than that of (positive) mutualist effects in isolation, but in the presence of other species, the two effects were of comparable magnitude. Hence studies evaluating single-species effects of mutualists may underestimate the true effects found in natural settings, where multiple interactions are the norm and indirect effects are possible. Enemies did not on average influence the effects on plant performance of other enemies, nor did mutualists influence the effects of mutualists. However, these averages mask significant and large, but positive or negative, interactions in individual studies. In contrast, mutualists ameliorated the negative effects of enemies in a manner that benefited plants; this overall effect was driven by interactions between pathogens and belowground mutualists (bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi). The high frequency of significant interactive effects suggests a widespread potential for diffuse rather than pairwise coevolutionary interactions between plants and their enemies and mutualists. Pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi enhanced plant performance more than did bacterial mutualists. In the greenhouse (but not the field), pathogens reduced plant performance more than did herbivores, pathogens were more damaging to herbaceous than to woody plants, and herbivores were more damaging to crop than to non-crop plants (suggesting evolutionary change in plants or herbivores following crop domestication). We discuss how observed differences in effect size might be confounded with methodological differences among studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Interactive Effects of Enemies and Mutualists on Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Morris

Hufbauer

Agrawal

et al. 2007

Ecology

227

221

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show abstract

“…The complex, density-dependent nature of these interactions, mediated through a third party, the benthic diatoms, are indicative of a class of interaction labelled "higher-order". Such non-additive interactions among species have been shown to be important in competitive (Wilbur, 1972;Neill, 1974;and Lynch, 1978) or predator-prey interactions (Menge, 1978 symbiotic rel~tionships from the microalgae cultured within radiolarians and foraminiferans to the intestinal biota of grazing mammals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snail grazing effects on the composition and metabolism of benthic diatom communities and subsequent effects on fish growth

Connor¹

1980

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“…Thus, extrapolating results from single species manipulation experiments to whole communities are likely to be unsuccessful (Wilbur 1972;Neil 1974;Wilbur and Fauth 1990;Wooten 1993). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial models of metapopulations and benthic communities in patchy environments

Hill¹

2000

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The Community Matrix and Interdependence of the Competition Coefficients

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Direct and Interactive Effects of Enemies and Mutualists on Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Direct and Interactive Effects of Enemies and Mutualists on Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Snail grazing effects on the composition and metabolism of benthic diatom communities and subsequent effects on fish growth

Spatial models of metapopulations and benthic communities in patchy environments

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