The community nurse in Australia. Who are they? A rapid systematic review

Blay, Nicole; Sousa, Mariana S.; Rowles, Mick; Murray-Parahi, Pauline

doi:10.1111/jonm.13493

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The absence of clear responsibility affects health workforce development. This includes inconsistent definitions of the profile of community nurses in Australia [ 34 ] and role ambiguity in rural settings (not specific to a single country) [ 3 ]. These factors affect the retention of professionals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and strategies for primary health care workforce development: synthesis of evidence

Endalamaw,

Khatri,

Erku

et al. 2024

BMC Prim. Care

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Background Having a sufficient and well-functioning health workforce is crucial for reducing the burden of disease and premature death. Health workforce development, focusing on availability, recruitment, retention, and education, is inseparable from acceptability, motivation, burnout, role and responsibility, and performance. Each aspect of workforce development may face several challenges, requiring specific strategies. However, there was little evidence on barriers and strategies towards comprehensive health workforce development. Therefore, this review explored barriers and strategies for health workforce development at the primary health care level around the world. Methods A scoping review of reviews was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. The article search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We used EndNote x9 for managing the collected articles, screening processes, and citation purpose. The scoping review included any kind of review articles on the application of health workforce development concepts, such as availability, recruitment, retention, role and responsibility, education and training, motivation, and burnout, with primary health care and published in English anywhere in the world. Based on the concepts above, barriers and strategies for health workforce development were identified. The findings were synthesized qualitatively based on the building blocks of the health system framework. The analysis involved specific activities such as familiarization, construction of the thematic framework, indexing, charting, and interpretation. The results were presented in texts, tables, and figures. Results The search strategies yielded 7,276 papers were found. Of which, 69 were included in the scoping review. The most frequently cited barriers were financial challenges and issues related to health care delivery, such as workloads. Barriers affecting healthcare providers directly, including lack of training and ineffective teamwork, were also prominent. Other health system and governance barriers include lack of support, unclear responsibility, and inequity. Another notable barrier was the shortage of health care technology, which pertains to both health care supplies and information technology. The most common cited effective strategies were ongoing support and supervision, engaging with communities, establishing appropriate primary care settings, financial incentives, fostering teamwork, and promoting autonomous health care practice. Conclusions Effective leadership/governance, a robust health financing system, integration of health information and technology, such as mobile health and ensuring a consistent supply of adequate resources are also vital components of primary health care workforce development. The findings highlight the importance of continuous professional development, which includes training new cadres, implementing effective recruitment and retention mechanisms, optimising the skill mix, and promoting workplace wellness. These elements are essential in fostering a well-trained and resilient primary health care workforce.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and strategies for primary health care workforce development: synthesis of evidence

Endalamaw,

Khatri,

Erku

et al. 2024

BMC Prim. Care

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“…If we are educated on the topic then we have a much As expected in the case of Australian community nurses' patient care scope, patients with complex chronic illnesses formed a majority of the patient focus within our sample (Blay et al, 2022), and sleep disturbances and sleep disorders were therefore common issues requiring clinical management, but were often overlooked during health consultations. Our participants cited both patient attitudes or trivialisation by health professionals who prioritized more 'pressing' health concerns, e.g., cardiovascular or respiratory disease, as likely causative factors for this.…”

Section: Theme 1: Sleep Health In the Community Servicedmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Community nursing in Australia can be classified as nursing practice conducted outside of tertiary healthcare settings, such as the patient's home, primary care health settings, community health centres, or pharmacies and clinics. In recent years, there has been an increased reliance on community nurses driven by increases in the aging population and increased chronic disease prevalence coupled with the need to shorten length of stay in hospitals for patients who can receive care in the community or at home (Blay et al, 2022 ; Kerkstra & Vorst‐Thijssen, 1991 ). Accordingly, patient illness acuity, disease complexity, and multimorbidity has increased, and community nurses need to be able to address these increasingly complex patient health needs efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving sleep health management in primary care: A potential role for community nurses?

Basheti

Bawa

Grunstein

et al. 2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims To explore community nurses sleep health practices and their perspectives on improving sleep health care provision. Design An exploratory study utilizing the qualitative description methodology. Methods Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with community nurses from May 2019 – October 2021. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and subjected to an inductive thematic analysis using a constructivist–interpretive paradigm. Results Twenty‐three Australian community nurses were interviewed. Participants frequently encountered sleep disturbances/disorders in their patients. Data analysis yielded three main themes: (1) Sleep health in the community serviced, (2) sleep health awareness and management, and (3) community nurses' A to Z of improving sleep health. The most common sleep disorder presentations were insomnia and sleep apnea. Although most community sleep apnea cases were appropriately managed, insomnia was often mismanaged. Participants described their sleep health knowledge as deficient, with the majority advocating for increased sleep‐related education tailored to their profession. Other important factors needed for improving sleep health provision were standardized patient treatment/referral pathways, increased interprofessional collaboration, and sufficient time for patient consults. Conclusion Community nurses service a patient population that requires increased sleep health care. However, they are currently underequipped to do so, leading to suboptimal treatment provision. Providing community nurses with the appropriate resources, such as increased sleep‐related education and standardized treatment frameworks, could enable them to better manage sleep disturbance/disorder presentations, such as insomnia. Impact Little is known about how community nurses care for patients with sleep disturbance/sleep disorders. This study found that contemporary sleep health care was lacking due to knowledge deficits, competing challenges, and a need for standardized care pathways. These findings can inform the development of targeted education/training and standardized guidelines for community nurses providing sleep health care to patients as well as the design of future practice models of care provision. Patient or Public Contribution Previous research by authors has involved extensive engagement with patients and health professionals, such as community pharmacists, general practitioners, and naturopaths who play a role in sleep health in the primary health care sector. These previous research projects built a significant understanding of the patient and health practitioner experience and have provided the background to the concept and design of this study.

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“…This study provided community nursing education. Community nursing does not simply provide medical care but weaves itself into the intricate tapestry of individuals' daily lives, fostering moments of happiness and contentment, a community-organizing method [12]. Individuals' roles surpass their clinical duties as they delve into social, emotional, and spiritual support.…”

Section: Planned Community Organizing and Care Education Provided By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Profession Students’ Motivations for Learning About Community Organizing: A Thematic Analysis

Ohta,

Yata,

Sano

2023

Cureus

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BackgroundMedical care now emphasizes community health, prevention, health promotion, and collaboration. Integrating medical students into community health initiatives enhances their community health and student skills. In an aging multicultural population, the involvement of healthcare professionals in community health management is vital. However, medical education in Japan lacks sufficient exposure to community health issues. A program in Shimane Prefecture aimed to address this gap by revolutionizing medical education through community organizations. MethodsThis study employed a reflexive thematic analysis based on relativist ontology and constructivist epistemology. Participants aspiring to be healthcare professionals from Japanese high schools and universities were recruited from rural Shimane Prefecture. Computer-based questionnaires were used to collect data on participants' reasons, motivations, and visions for community-organizing education. The thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's approach and involved systematic coding, theme identification, and refinement. ResultsThree themes emerged from the analysis. In expanding hopes for unknown potential, participants sought improved communication skills, real-world understandings, and fresh perspectives and aimed to promote personal growth through community engagement. In acquiring activeness and new perspectives through connections with peers, hands-on learning and collaboration with peers with shared interests were motivating factors. Participants sought to generate inquiries and discover their activities. Regarding the desire to connect with diverse individuals driven by a strong curiosity about the community, participants aimed to learn community engagement techniques, understand community involvement methods, and explore the relationship between social issues and health. ConclusionCommunity-organizing education plays a pivotal role in shaping future healthcare professionals. Our analysis underscores the need for curriculum reform, including experiential learning and peer interaction, to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of health and community dynamics. Future studies should assess the long-term impacts of these experiences on students' careers and community health to contribute to advancements in medical education and community-oriented healthcare professionalism.

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The community nurse in Australia. Who are they? A rapid systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Barriers and strategies for primary health care workforce development: synthesis of evidence

Barriers and strategies for primary health care workforce development: synthesis of evidence

Improving sleep health management in primary care: A potential role for community nurses?

Healthcare Profession Students’ Motivations for Learning About Community Organizing: A Thematic Analysis

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