The Comparability of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies on the Percutaneous Permeation of Topical Formulations Containing Ibuprofen

Abstract

In order to avoid in vivo experiments and to gain information about the suitability of surrogates for skin replacement, Franz-type diffusion cell experiments were conducted by using three ibuprofen-containing formulations (cream, gel and microgel) on bovine split-skin samples and cellophane membranes. Moreover, ex vivo examinations were performed on the isolated perfused bovine udder, to study the comparability of in vitro and ex vivo experimental set-ups. Depending on the formulation, noticeable differences in the permeation of Ibuprofen occurred in vitro (udder skin) and ex vivo (isolated perfused bovine udder), but not in the cellophane membrane. The rates of ibuprofen permeability (cream > gel > microgel) and adsorption into the skin (gel > microgel > cream) varied with the formulation, and were probably caused by differences in the ingredients. Furthermore, different storage conditions and seasonal variation in the collection of the skin samples probably led to differences in the amounts of ibuprofen adsorption apparent in the isolated bovine udder and udder skin. In vitro diffusion experiments should be preferred to experiments on isolated organs with regard to the costs involved, the throughput, and the intensity of labour required, unless metabolism of the drug in the skin, or cell–cell interactions are of particular interest.

Optimization and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Emulgel loaded with Vitex Negundo for Enhanced Permeation

“…At intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes, a sample (1 mL) was taken o u t a n d e v a l u a t e d u s i n g a U V-V i s i b l e Spectrophotometer at 273 nm. In order to keep the sink condition, fresh PBS pH 6.8 (2 mL) was introduced to replace the removed sample (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37).…”

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

“…Comparative studies between different ibuprofencontaining formulations demonstrated the impact of the formulation on the amount of ibuprofen within the skin (skin absorption) (Stahl et al 2011(Stahl et al , 2012. Comparative studies between different ibuprofencontaining formulations demonstrated the impact of the formulation on the amount of ibuprofen within the skin (skin absorption) (Stahl et al 2011(Stahl et al , 2012.…”

“…Comparative studies between different ibuprofencontaining formulations demonstrated the impact of the formulation on the amount of ibuprofen within the skin (skin absorption) (Stahl et al 2011(Stahl et al , 2012. Other commercially available 5 % ibuprofen-containing formulations (cream, gel, "microgel") were examined in a second study in vitro with excised bovine udder skin and ex vivo with the isolated perfused bovine udder (Stahl et al 2012). The highest absorption (drug storage in the skin) was observed for the aqueous, enhancer-free solution and the gel containing the penetration enhancer 2-propanol, followed by the cream, which contained the permeation enhancer propylene glycol.…”