The review presents modern data on epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis of radicular pain. The indications for surgical treatment, the causes of failures in the treatment of radicular pain syndrome and the issues of its chronicity, as well as the prevention of the development of chronic pain of lumbosacral localization are considered. A generalized list of predictors of outcomes of surgical treatment of radicular pain is presented. Criteria for stage-by-stage diagnostics, physical and instrumental examination of patients with radicular pain in the lower back are presented. Conditions aimed at expanding the range of diagnostic studies, the feasibility of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with pain in lumbosacral localization are discussed.