The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime

Aos, Steve; Phipps, Polly; Barnoski, Robert; Lieb, Roxanne

doi:10.4324/9780429501265-6

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Although there is considerable within‐group variability among minority and immigrant youth (Cabrera & the SRCD Ethnic‐Racial Issues Committee, ; Suárez‐Orozco, Yoshikawa, Takanishi, & Suárez‐Orozco, ), these groups are still disproportionately affected by poverty, incarceration, discrimination, and disparities in health, wealth, and education (Darity, ; Sampson & Lauritsen, ; Skiba et al., ). Exploring pathways to PYD for these youth is paramount given the relative costs associated with underachievement, delinquency, and unemployment (Aos, Phipps, Barnoski, & Lieb, ).…”

Section: Background and Conceptualization Of Pydmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Youth Development Among Diverse Racial–Ethnic Children: Quality Afterschool Contexts as Developmental Assets

Smith¹,

Witherspoon

Osgood

2017

Child Development

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Positive youth development (PYD) deserves more empirical attention, particularly among children of diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds. Given the need among families for monitoring and supervision during out-of-school time, community-based afterschool is a potentially promotive ecological setting. This study explores the quality of afterschool experiences upon PYD. This multi-method study includes over 500 elementary-school children in grades 2–5 (Mean age = 8.80, SD = 1.12). The sample was comprised of 49% White, 27% African-American, 7% Latino and 17% mixed-race/others with 45% free/reduced lunch eligible children. In multi-level models, independently observed quality across time positively impacted competence, connection, caring, for all youth, and cultural values for racial-ethnic minority youth. Afterschool fosters PYD, including socio-cultural dimensions, when comprised of appropriately structured, supportive, and engaging interactions.

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Section: Background and Conceptualization Of Pydmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Youth Development Among Diverse Racial–Ethnic Children: Quality Afterschool Contexts as Developmental Assets

Smith¹,

Witherspoon

Osgood

2017

Child Development

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“…Although the effect of RNR-based treatment and the protective subgroup effect for people in outpatient treatment were not statistically significant, even a trend towards a positive treatment effect can have a major impact on cost-benefit ratios in criminal justice policies. In the United States, cost-benefit analyses show that even programs that slightly reduce recidivism rates (around 5-10%) are cost-efficient, with cost-benefit ratios of at least 1:2 (Aos, Miller, & Drake, 2006;Aos, Phipps, Barnoski, & Lieb, 2001). More recent research shows that specific treatment methods, such as multisystemic therapy, are even more cost-efficient, with a ratio of up to 1:23 (Klietz, Borduin, & Schaeffer, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity‐based treatment program for violent and sexual offenders: Results of a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study

Seewald

Rossegger

Gerth

et al. 2017

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose. Relapse prevention is an important goal in correctional settings. Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of certain treatment programs for juvenile offenders, those for adults lack such evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-based intervention.Methods. A quasi-experimental, observational study design and cox regression analysis were used to compare treated violent and sexual offenders (n = 171) with untreated offenders (n = 241).Results. Both groups were observed for an average of 7.9 years. Recidivism rates of treated offenders (11.7%, n = 20) were similar to those of control offenders (15.8%, n = 38; p = .25). When controlling for confounding variables, the hazard of recidivism in the treatment group was 5.2% lower than that in the control group. Subdividing the treatment group resulted in lower hazard ratios for offenders still in therapy when released and offenders cancelling therapy. However, none of the group differences was statistically significant. Conclusion.Our results show that control and RNR-based treatment groups had comparable recidivism rates with a trend towards a positive treatment effect, especially for people in outpatient treatment. However, criminal history, age at the start of followup, and actuarial risk of recidivism were significantly associated with recidivism. Future research needs to apply elaborate methodological approaches to detect robust treatment effects and consider different criteria of treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, the influence of prison climate, motivational factors, intervention quality, and factors supporting the success of outpatient treatment should be considered in future studies of larger offender samples.

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“…Significantly, these and similar interventions seem in most cases not only to have yielded reductions in crime and a range of other problem behaviours, but to have done so in a cost-effective manner (see the last column of Table 1) (Aos, Phipps, Barnoski, & Lieb, 2001;Karoly, Greenwood, Everingham, Hoube, Kilburn, Rydell, Sanders, & Chiesa, 1998;Welsh, 2001). For example, a cost-savings analysis of the Elmira Prenatal/Early Infancy Project for high-risk families estimated the total cost per participant as US$6,083 (1996 dollars) with estimated net savings of US$24,694 to the government.…”

Section: Instead Of Targeting An Indicated Group the Seattle Social mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The second reason for considering an early-in-life approach is that it is likely to be strategically effective to attempt to divert people from harmful pathways before maladaptive patterns of behaviour are well entrenched. Protective and anticipatory action is more powerful and less painful than clinical or punitive interventions after a history of offending, even if such interventions can be very cost-effective (as is the case for example with multisystemic therapy: (Aos, Phipps, Barnoski, & Lieb, 2001).…”

Section: The Interaction Between Individual and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental crime prevention

Hömel¹,

Thomsen²

2017

Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety

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The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Positive Youth Development Among Diverse Racial–Ethnic Children: Quality Afterschool Contexts as Developmental Assets

Positive Youth Development Among Diverse Racial–Ethnic Children: Quality Afterschool Contexts as Developmental Assets

Effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity‐based treatment program for violent and sexual offenders: Results of a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study

Developmental crime prevention

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