The Comparative Superiority of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in Different Immunization Scenarios

Kotsiou, Ourania S.; Karakousis, Nikolaos D; Papagiannis, Dimitrios; Matsiatsiou, Elena; Avgeri, Dimitra; Fradelos, Εvangelos C.; Siachpazidou, Dimitra; Perlepe, Garyfallia; Miziou, Angeliki; Kyritsis, Athanasios P.; Gogou, Evdoxia; Vavougios, George D.; Kalantzis, George; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos

doi:10.3390/jpm12111756

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our study has some limitations. To begin with, the impact of age, gender, disease severity, and underling conditions conditions such as HIV, hypertension, and diabetes on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses has been reported before ( 56 – 58 ). In this study, the small sample size and the lack of baseline clinical data for most participants meant that no definitive conclusions could be drawn about whether or not comorbidities affected antibody levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

Serwanga

Ankunda²,

Sembera³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionUnderstanding how spike (S)-, nucleoprotein (N)-, and RBD-directed antibody responses evolved in mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 in Africa and their interactions with SARS-CoV-2 might inform development of targeted treatments and vaccines.MethodsHere, we used a validated indirect in-house ELISA to characterise development and persistence of S- and N-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses for 2430 SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR-diagnosed Ugandan specimens from 320 mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, 50 uninfected contacts, and 54 uninfected non-contacts collected weekly for one month, then monthly for 28 months.ResultsDuring acute infection, asymptomatic patients mounted a faster and more robust spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA response than those with mild symptoms (Wilcoxon rank test, p-values 0.046, 0.053, and 0.057); this was more pronounced in males than females. Spike IgG antibodies peaked between 25 and 37 days (86.46; IQR 29.47-242.56 BAU/ml), were significantly higher and more durable than N- and RBD IgG antibodies and lasted for 28 months. Anti-spike seroconversion rates consistently exceeded RBD and nucleoprotein rates. Spike- and RBD-directed IgG antibodies were positively correlated until 14 months (Spearman’s rank correlation test, p-values 0.0001 to 0.05), although RBD diminished faster. Significant anti-spike immunity persisted without RBD. 64% and 59% of PCR-negative, non-infected non-contacts and suspects, exhibited baseline SARS-CoV-2 N-IgM serological cross-reactivity, suggesting undetected exposure or abortive infection. N-IgG levels waned after 787 days, while N-IgM levels remained undetectable throughout.DiscussionLower N-IgG seroconversion rates and the absence of N-IgM indicate that these markers substantially underestimate the prior exposure rates. Our findings provide insights into the development of S-directed antibody responses in mild and asymptomatic infections, with varying degrees of symptoms eliciting distinct immune responses, suggesting distinct pathogenic pathways. These longer-lasting data inform vaccine design, boosting strategies, and surveillance efforts in this and comparable settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, early, and potent Spike-directed IgG, IgM, and IgA distinguish asymptomatic from mildly symptomatic COVID-19 in Uganda, with IgG persisting for 28 months

Serwanga

Ankunda²,

Sembera³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, even in fully vaccinated patients, older age, higher viral load and a shorter period between symptom onset and hospital admission were associated with absence of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies upon hospital admission and poor clinical outcomes [ 7 ]. On the other hand, individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, but who were still infected by the virus, showed an “excellent boost” in their immune response [ 8 ].…”

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confidence: 99%