The Comparison of Dietary Behaviors among Rural Controlled and Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Nutrition is a dominant peripheral factor in increasing blood pressure; however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in Iran. This study aimed to compare nutritional behaviors of the rural controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients and to determine the predictive power of nutritional behaviors from blood pressure. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 rural hypertensive patients, using multistage random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2013. Data were collected by a 3-day food record questionnaire. Nutritional data were extracted by Nutritionist 4 software and analyzed by the SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, ANOVA, and independent t-test. A significant difference was observed in the means of fat intake, cholesterol, saturated fat, sodium, energy, calcium, vitamin C, fiber, and nutritional knowledge between controlled and uncontrolled groups. In the controlled group, sodium, saturated fats, vitamin C, calcium, and energy intake explained 30.6% of the variations in blood pressure and, in the uncontrolled group, sodium, carbohydrate, fiber intake, and nutritional knowledge explained 83% of the variations in blood pressure. There was a significant difference in the nutritional behavior between the two groups and changes in blood pressure could be explained significantly by nutritional behaviors.

Association between Serum Vitamin C and the Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…A variety of observational and interventional studies has additionally reported that vitamin C intake and its concentration status were significantly related to a reduction of resting BP [24]. For example, Kamran et al [25] found that the correlation between vitamin C intake and systolic BP was -0.02 in uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Yet another study by Yoshioka et al [26] discovered that serum vitamin C had an inverse and the strongest association with systolic BP.…”

Hubungan Kalium, Persentase Lemak Tubuh, Dan Kepatuhan Diet Rendah Garam

“…Hal ini didukung dengan hasil wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan diet rendah garam, ketidakpatuhan disebabkan karena sebagian responden masih mengonsumsi atau tidak bisa mengurangi makanan yang diawetkan dan penggunaan bumbu dapur yang mengandung garam, monosodium glutamat (MSG), kecap asin dan terasi. Pada penelitian (Kamran, Shekarchi, Sharifian, & Heydari, 2016) menyatakan responden yang memiliki hipertensi tidak terkontrol rata-rata mengonsumsi garam lebih tinggi dari yang dianjurkan, rata-rata asupan garam yang dikonsumsi sebesar 9,3 g/hari. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan yang dianjurkan oleh World Health Organization yaitu hanya 5 g/ hari.…”