The comparison of feasibility and safety on fiberoptic guided intubation under conscious sedation with remifentanil and propofol

Abstract

BackgroundOropharyngeal manipulation is problematic when patients have a gag reflex. Sedation can suppress gag reflex, but can cause serious airway problems. We compared remifentanil (Group R) and propofol (Group P) in terms of cooperation and loss of gag reflex, while drugs were administered incrementally using target controlled infusion (TCI).MethodsFifty seven patients who required awake fiberoptic intubation were randomized to Group R or Group P. After measurement of baseline gag trigger point index (GTPI), TCI was set to effect-site concentration (Ce) of 1 ng/ml (Group R) or 1 µg/ml (Group P), then titrated by 0.5 increment until GTPI score reached 0. The incidence of drop-out and decreased cooperation, Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) and Ce at loss of GR, and complications were assessed.ResultsSeven patients were dropped out in Group P due to deep sedation and disobedient behavior, but none in Group R (P = 0.015). Gag reflex suppressed as RSS increased in both groups (P < 0.001), however, the incidence of elimination of gag reflex clustered at RSS 2 in Group R (P < 0.001), whereas it was evenly distributed in Group P (P = 0.20). The incidence of patients who were spontaneously roused (gag reflex elimination at RSS 1 and 2) were higher in Group R than in Group P (P = 0.002).ConclusionsDeep sedation and impaired cooperation were observed only in Group P and spontaneously roused patients were higher in Group R, suggesting that remifentanil is more suitable for cooperative elimination of GR.

Dental treatment in patients with severe gag reflex using propofol-remifentanil intravenous sedation

“…Remifentanil in combination with propofol reduces the total dose of propofol required to achieve deep sedation, resulting in reduced recovery time and reduced severe pain related to sedation. A study comparing the incidences of SGR after the administration of remifentanil and propofol reported that remifentanil is more effective in suppressing GR when the patient can cooperate during the treatment process because propofol has stronger sedative effects than attenuating effects on GR [ 10 11 ].…”