The comparison of fetal behavior in high risk and normal pregnancies assessed by four dimensional ultrasound

Mišković, Berivoj; Vasilj, Oliver; Stanojević, Milan; Ivanković, Davor; Kerner, Mario; Tikvica, Ana

doi:10.3109/14767051003678200

Cited by 117 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…58 Statistically significant difference for eight out of 10 parameters of KANET has been showed: isolated anteflection of the head, eye blinking, facial expressions (grimacing, tongue expulsion), mouth movements (mouthing, jawing, swallowing), isolated hand movement, hand to face movement, fist and finger movements and GMs. Authors have also confirmed statistically significant, moderate correlation of KANET and ATNAT tests.…”

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KANET test has potential to detect and discriminate normal from borderline and abnormal fetal behavior in normal and in high-risk pregnancies, which means that it could become a valuable diagnostic tool for fetal neurological assessment. 55,[57][58][59] However, further studies in a large population are needed before recommending the use of the test in the routine clinical practice. Also, it seems necessary to simplify the test, may be by grouping some of the parameters, making it more applicable as the screening tool for prenatal neurological assessment.…”

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KANET is the first prenatal neurological screening test based on the 4D ultrasound technique, whose preliminary results are promising. 55,[57][58][59][60][61] Nevertheless, its value in the assessment of integrity of the fetal central nervous system needs to be confirmed by studies that are in progress in several world university centers.…”

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical sense, it means that the neuropediatricians who examined the newborns with ATNAT test confirmed the results of KANET. 58 New results regarding the potential of 4D sonography in the assessment of fetal behavior in high-risk pregnancies were recently published. 59 The group in Khartoum applied KANET to large number of fetuses during the period of one year.…”

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Brain Function: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges of 4D Sonography

Kurjak¹,

Predojević²,

Kadić³

2011

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) is reflected in fetal behavior. Modern technology, such as four-dimensional (4D) sonography improved assessment of fetal behavior in all three trimesters of pregnancy. After summing our own experiences and experiences of the leading authors in the field of fetal and neonatal neurology, new prenatal screening test for assessment of fetal behavior has been suggested. Test was named Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET). Up to now results of KANET are encouraging and they have been published in several prominent journals. Nevertheless, potential of KANET in the assessment of integrity of the fetal central nervous system needs to be confirmed by studies that are in progress in several world university centers.Keywords: Fetal brain development, Four-dimensional ultrasound, Neurological deficit, Perinatal neurological assessment. PRENATAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMDevelopment of the human central nervous system (CNS) begins in the early embryonic period and proceeds through a sequence of very complicated processes long after delivery. Early embryonic development is characterized by its immobility. Important prerequisite for fetal movements is the existence of the interneuronal and neuromuscular connections. The earliest interneuronal connections, the synapses, can be detected in the spinal cord shortly before the onset of embryonic motility, at 6 to 7 weeks of gestation.1 Therefore, the neural activity leading to the first detectable movements is considered to originate from the spinal motoneurons.2 As mentioned, another important prerequisite for the motility is the development and innervation of muscle fibers. It is well known that primitive muscle fibers (myotubes) are able to contract as soon as they are innervated by motor neurons.3 Between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation, muscle fibers have formed by fusion of myoblasts, efferent and afferent neuromuscular connections have developed, and spontaneous neural activity causing motility can begin. The first spontaneous embryonic movements are gross body movements and they can be observed at the 7 to 7.5th week of gestation. They consist of slow flexion and extension of the fetal trunk, accompanied by the passive displacement of arms and legs. These so-called vermicular movements appear in irregular sequences. Simultaneously with the onset of spontaneous movements, at the 7.5th week of gestation, the earliest motor reflex activity can be observed, indicating the existence of the first afferentefferent circuits in the spinal cord. The first reflex movements are massive and indicate a limited number of synapses in a reflex pathway. General movements are the first complex, wellorganized movement pattern, which involve head, trunk and limb movements. This pattern has been interpreted as the first sign of a supraspinal control on motor activity and can be recognized from 8 to 9 weeks of gestation onwards. 4 The brainstem is fashioned around the 7th week of gestati...

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Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prenatal Neurological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fetal Brain Function: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges of 4D Sonography

Kurjak¹,

Predojević²,

Kadić³

2011

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Miskovic et al 70 compared fetal behavior in high-risk (N=116) and normal pregnancies (N=110) using 4D ultrasound applying KANET. The newborns were assessed by ATNAT.…”

Section: Kurjak Antenatal Neurological Test (Kanet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development

Hata¹,

Kanenishi²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2010

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three-dimensions in realtime during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal behavior, especially fetal whole-body movements and facial expressions in all three trimesters of pregnancy and the continuation of behavior from the fetal to neonatal period. Moreover, we introduce a new scoring system (KANET, Kurjak Antenatal Neurological Test) for assessment of the fetal neurological status using 4D ultrasound. 4D ultrasound also facilitated the evaluation of inter-human contact in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal behavior and inter-twin contact, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional ultrasound. 4D ultrasound should become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to ascertain the role of 4D ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavioral development.

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