The comparison of Muscle strength and short-term endurance in the different periods of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are subjected to reduction in the quality and oxidative capacity of muscles. The effect of duration of diabetes on the muscle endurance response is not clear and strength as well. Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of strength and endurance of knee extensor and flexor in the patients with T2DM < 10 and T2DM > 10 years in comparison with age, sex, BMI, ABI and PAI-matched health control subjects. Methods: Isometric maximal peak torque (MPT) of knee extensor and flexor before and after 40 isokinetic repetitions with velocity of 150 degree/s were recorded in 18 patients with T2DM < 10 Y , 12 patients with T2DM > 10 Y and 20 matched health control (HC) groups. Results: Both diabetic patient groups had significant lower isometric and isotonic knee extensor and flexor strength than HC. The endurance indices indicated that whereas the isometric MPT of flexor movement was reduced after isokinetic protocol in the both patient groups in comparison with HC, the less decline was seen in the isotonic torque and work during isokinetic protocol in the T2DM > 10 Y group in comparison with two other groups. The HbA1c and FPG were significantly correlated with strength not with endurance indices.

Neuromuscular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: underlying mechanisms and effect of resistance training

“…These data appears in contrast with those by Andersen et al , who recorded greater muscular endurance during isokinetic contractions of the knee and ankle extensors in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients than in non‐diabetic control subjects . Likewise, another, very recent, study reported greater isokinetic muscular endurance of the knee flexor muscles in patients suffering from diabetes for more than 10 years . However, the same muscle group under static conditions was found less resistant to fatigue.…”

“…Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that T2DM is associated with a reduction in muscle strength (Table ). This impairment was shown to occur both in the upper and lower limbs , although the detrimental effect of diabetes differs between the upper and lower appendicular musculature, as reported also for muscle metabolism . Similar results have been reported in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in newly diagnosed T2DM, suggesting that the defect of muscle strength affects diabetic patients since the early stages of the disease .…”

“…A longitudinal study showed a 50% faster age‐related decline in strength in diabetic patients than in healthy controls . This defect has been documented in both dynamic and static conditions . However, some authors have reported no statistically significant differences in maximal isometric strength between diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects .…”

Decreased muscle strength is associated with proinflammatory cytokines but not testosterone levels in men with diabetes

“…With respect to decreased muscle strength in individuals with DM2, our results confirmed the findings of previous studies showing that individuals with diabetes have lower skeletal muscle strength than those without diabetes ( 28 , 29 ). The mechanism of muscle strength decline in DM2 subjects is not well defined.…”

Assessment of lower leg muscle force distribution during isometric ankle dorsi and plantar flexion in patients with diabetes: a preliminary study

“…Although, most in vivo studies have analyzed muscle performance under isokinetic conditions (both active (Hatef, Bahrpeyma, & Tehrani, 2014) and passive (Hajrasouliha, Tavakoli, Esteki, & Nafisi, 2005)), a simple, widely used and objective tool in a clinic for measuring muscle strength is hand-held dynamometer (Abizanda et al, 2012). Hand-held dynamometers have been shown to be reliable for testing a number of muscle groups including those of the ankle (Burns, Redmond, Ouvrier, & Crosbie, 2005;Wang, Olson, & Protas, 2002), but this device does not give any information about the individual muscle forces distribution.…”