The Competition–Violence Hypothesis: Sex, Marriage, and Male Aggression

Abstract

Sexually active men, who are not in a monogamous relationship, may be at a greater risk for violence than men who are sexually active within monogamous relationships and men who are not sexually active. The current study examines changes in sexual behavior and violence in adolescence to early adulthood. Data on male (n = 4,597) and female (n = 5,523) respondents were drawn from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health). HLM regression models indicate that men who transition to a monogamous, or less competitive, mode of sexual behavior (fewer partners since last wave), reduce their risk for violence. The same results were not replicated for females. Further, results were not accounted for by marital status or other more readily accepted explanations of violence. Findings suggest that competition for sex be further examined as a potential cause of male violence.

"Storming then Performing": Historical Non-Monogamy and Metamour Collaboration

“…Another noticeable pattern across several of our "case studies" was that after an initial "stormy" period, there was a resulting tendency for metamours to provide aid and engage in mutual beneficial acts of exchange. We also observed significant development of care and cooperation between metamours, in contrast to mainstream and sexological literature that often suggests a "natural" state of competition (Baumeister et al, 2017;Baumeister & Twenge, 2002;Birkhead, 1998;Buss, 2003;Hennighausen, Hudders, Lange, & Fink, 2016;Pham, DeLecce, & Shackelford, 2017;Ridley, 1994;Seffrin, 2017).…”

Ketika kekerasan dianggap seksi: persepsi laki-laki bahwa perempuan suka kekerasan memicu pola pikir ekstremis militan

“…Apakah laki-laki [perempuan] mempersepsi perempuan [laki-laki] menganggap kekerasan itu hal yang atraktif? Riset terdahulu tentunya sudah memberikan petunjuk mengenai arah jawaban yang kami ingin cari tahu: Pada perempuan, ketakutan pada kriminalitas berkorelasi positif dengan potensi preferensi pada lelaki yang kekar dan agresif dikarenakan perempuan secara alamiah memiliki kebutuhan untuk dilindungi oleh laki-laki (Snyder et al, 2011). Lebih lanjut, perempuan yang dipaparkan foto-foto lelaki yang dipasangkan dengan foto berkaitan dengan kompetisi intraseksual (kompetisi olahraga, senjata perang, kekayaan) cenderung lebih memilih wajah pria maskulin dibandingkan pria feminin (Little et al, 2013).…”

“…Hasil ini konsisten dengan paradigma evolusi yang berhipotesis bahwa motif seksual, seleksi intraseksual,dan perilaku agresif/kekerasan merupakan fungsi yang terdiferensiasi antara lakilaki dan perempuan (Archer, 2004, Wilson & Daly, 1985, Griskevicius, et al, 2009Ainsworth & Maner, 2012, Little, 2013Snyder et al, 2011). Kami memberikan kontribusi bahwa gejala perseptual, dimana cukup dengan laki-laki mempersepsi bahwa perempuan menilai kekerasan sesuatu hal yang atraktif, pola pikir ekstremisme dapat terjadi.…”

The Sense in Senseless Violence: Male Reproductive Strategy and the Modern Sexual Marketplace as Contributors to Violent Extremism

“…In non-WEIRD societies, polygyny increases intra-sexual competition and is positively associated with domestic violence (Ahinkorah, 2021;Ebrahim & Atteraya, 2021;Jansen & Agadjanian, 2020). Cultural evolution may have selected for monogamy and strong pair-bonding between males and females because it suppresses dangerous intra-sexual competition by reducing the number of unmarried men, which in turn reduces conflict over mating resources documented to involve crime, including rape, murder, and assault (Gavrilets, 2012;Henrich et al, 2012;Koos & Neupert-Wentz, 2020;Seffrin, 2017;Sosis, Kress, & Boster, 2007).…”