The Competitive Ability of Weed Community with Selected Crucifer Oilseed Crops

Santín-Montanyá, M. I.; Andres, E. F. de; EncarnaciónZambrana,; Tenorio, J. L.

doi:10.5772/60849

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…[32]; [33]; [34]. The soil support both crop and weed species and both inter-relate in the course of growth and development for nutrients, space, light, water [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of farming system practices on weeds in arable farmlands in University of Port Harcourt and environs, Rivers State-Nigeria

Ogazie¹,

Agbagwa²,

Ochekwu³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Crop production involves the combination of various farming systems practices to produce food and cash crops and at the same time have a reasonable control over weed infestation without course to soil health. Weeds are part of agroecosystems community and are neighbors to our crops and the soil. The work was aimed to investigate the weeds that are common in the sites chosen. A simple reconnaissance weed enumeration survey was adopted for the twenty-two (22) arable farmlands by walk through the farms within and round the boundaries. This was investigated between June 2020 as wet season and in January, 2021 as dry season respectively. A total of 154 weed species were recorded for both wet and dry seasons. The wet and dry seasons had 113 and 120 weed species made up of 37 and 36 families respectively. It revealed 168 broad leaved, 32 grasses and 26 sedges, composed of annual and perennial weed species. All the farms were continuously cultivated and mixed cropped, with 27 crop species identified and recorded. The farmers most preferred crops are Manihot esculenta Crantz being a tuberous crop and Zea mays L., grain cereal with 90.91% each from the overall percentage of individual crop species recorded from farmers who planted them on their farmland (Table 1) respectively, and been staple food items in most part of Nigeria, while the least cropped species are (Amaranthus hybridus L., and Solanum lycopersicon L., Ocimum. americanum L., and Solanum sp.) with 4.54% each respectively which are vegetables to supplement peoples ‘diet. Farming systems methods has a tremendous influence on weed species composition in arable farmlands either during the cropping season (wet) or off the season (dry). Some activities are very peculiar within crop production for example bush clearing, and burn, soil tillage in any form or pattern and weed removal either culturally, biological or chemically due impact on weed species in arable farmlands in short or long term and therefore, its impact on crop species and the environment should be minimized and sustained.

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“…[32]; [33]; [34]. The soil support both crop and weed species and both inter-relate in the course of growth and development for nutrients, space, light, water [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of farming system practices on weeds in arable farmlands in University of Port Harcourt and environs, Rivers State-Nigeria

Ogazie¹,

Agbagwa²,

Ochekwu³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…Weed infestation can, among other things, interfere with harvest, increase the crop's contamination and moisture, and even promote the spread of pests and pathogens [1]. However, the greatest damage is usually the result of competition between weeds and crops for nutrients, water, and light leading to a reduction in crop yield [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Crop-weed competition is also affected by factors such as the timing of weed emergence, weed density, and the type of weed species [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Winter Wheat and Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) Resistant or Susceptible to Herbicides under Varying Environmental Conditions in Poland

et al. 2022

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Competitive ability of cereals against segetal weeds depends among other things, on soil properties and the weather. Concerning cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), this issue is poorly recognized, as there are no reports on the impact of environmental conditions on the competitiveness of wheat against susceptible and resistant biotypes. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of site and weather conditions on the competitive effects between winter wheat (WW) and two cornflower biotypes, either florasulam and tribenuron-methyl resistant (R) or sensitive (S). The experiment was conducted in a replacement series model at six sites across Poland in three growing seasons. The competitive relations were determined on the basis of two indices, i.e., the relative biomass and the number of seeds produced by the tested plants. The relative yield of wheat and weed were plotted on graphs and fitted to one of five competition models. In addition, a competitive ratio (CR) was calculated on the basis of fresh plant biomass and the number of seeds. Correlation coefficients were determined between the length of the plant, yield, biomass, the number of seeds per plant, hydrothermal coefficient K, and soil texture. Biometric parameters of wheat for its competition with two cornflower biotypes were analyzed using canonical variate analysis (CVA). The number of days to WW emergence and the day-difference between WW and cornflower (B) emergence were also calculated. The environmental characteristics of the sites, i.e., hydrothermal coefficient K and soil texture, were used as categorizing variables. Drought generally favored the greater competitive ability of WW against B for both biomass accumulation and seed production. During the first season of the research (relatively dry), only in one case out of 12 cases cornflower was more competitive than wheat. In the second year of the experiment (dry season), the competition of WW against B for resources was lower. It depended more on the site than on the cornflower biotype or the proportion of plants in the mixture. Under high or optimal rainfalls (the third year of the experiment), the competitiveness of WW toward B was significantly lower than in years with rainfall deficiency. In addition, the ability of wheat competition against the weed may have been influenced by the earlier emergence of wheat than cornflower. Even though it was sown together with wheat, cornflower emerged 0–12 days later than the tested cereal. It was also noticed that wheat was more competitive on light soils against the herbicide-susceptible (S) biotype. In contrast, greater WW competitiveness was observed against herbicide-resistant (R) cornflower on heavy soils. In conclusion, winter wheat competitiveness against herbicide-resistant or herbicide-sensitive cornflower biotypes is significantly dependent on weather and soil conditions. It is therefore reasonable to study this phenomenon in more detail. It would also be interesting to learn more about the underground competition on varying soil types under different water availability.

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“…However, among precision farming adopters, Ayerdi Gotor and colleagues (Ayerdi Gotor et al, 2020) have demonstrated that there is still poor use of these techniques for weeding. Given that weeds do not appear uniformly in space nor in time (Radosevich et al, 2007;Zimdahl, 2007;Martín et al, 2015;Santín-Montanyá et al, 2015), it is important to address this issue from both the spatial and temporal points of view (Forcella et al, 2000;Gerhards, 2013). Mapping the weeds in space has never been easy (Hanzlik and Gerowitt, 2016), but the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) simplifies this task (Herwitz et al, 2004;Giacomo and David, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site- and time-specific early weed control is able to reduce herbicide use in maize - a case study

Nikolić

Rizzo

Marraccini

et al. 2021

Italian Journal of Agronomy

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Highlights- Efficacy of UAVs and emergence predictive models for weed control has been confirmed. - Combination of time-specific and site-specific weed control provides optimal results.- Use of timely prescription maps can substantially reduce herbicide use. Remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for weed detection is a valuable asset in agriculture and is vastly used for site-specific weed control. Alongside site-specific methods, time-specific weed control is another critical aspect of precision weed control where, by using different models, it is possible to determine the time of weed species emergence. In this study, site-specific and time-specific weed control methods were combined to explore their collective benefits for precision weed control. Using the AlertInf model, which is a weed emergence prediction model, the cumulative emergence of Sorghum halepense was calculated, following the selection of the best date for UAV survey when the emergence was predicted to be at 96%. The survey was executed using a UAV with visible range sensors, resulting in an orthophoto with a resolution of 3 cm, allowing for good weed detection. The orthophoto was post-processed using two separate methods: an artificial neural network (ANN) and the visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) to discriminate between the weeds, the crop and the soil. Finally, a model was applied for the creation of prescription maps with different cell sizes (0.25 m2, 2 m2, and 3 m2) and with three different decision-making thresholds based on pixels identified as weeds (>1%, >5%, and >10%). Additionally, the potential savings in herbicide use were assessed using two herbicides (Equip and Titus Mais Extra) as examples. The results show that both classification methods have a high overall accuracy of 98.6% for ANN and 98.1% for VARI, with the ANN having much better results concerning user/producer accuracy and Cohen's Kappa value (k=83.7 ANN and k=72 VARI). The reduction percentage of the area to be sprayed ranged from 65.29% to 93.35% using VARI and from 42.43% to 87.82% using ANN. The potential reduction in herbicide use was found to be dependent on the area. For the Equip herbicide, this reduction ranged from 1.32 L/ha to 0.28 L/ha for the ANN; with VARI the reduction in the amounts used ranged from 0.80 L/ha to 0.15 L/ha. Meanwhile, for Titus Mais Extra herbicide, the reduction ranged from 46.06 g/ha to 8.19 g/ha in amounts used with the ANN; with VARI the reduction in amounts used ranged from 27.77 g/ha to 5.32 g/ha. These preliminary results indicate that combining site-specific and time-specific weed control, has the potential to obtain a significant reduction in herbicide use with direct benefits for the environment and on-farm variable costs. Further field studies are needed for the validation of these results.

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The Competitive Ability of Weed Community with Selected Crucifer Oilseed Crops

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of farming system practices on weeds in arable farmlands in University of Port Harcourt and environs, Rivers State-Nigeria

Impact of farming system practices on weeds in arable farmlands in University of Port Harcourt and environs, Rivers State-Nigeria

Competition between Winter Wheat and Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) Resistant or Susceptible to Herbicides under Varying Environmental Conditions in Poland

Site- and time-specific early weed control is able to reduce herbicide use in maize - a case study

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