The complementary role of the plantarflexors, hamstrings and gluteus maximus in the control of stance limb stability during gait

Decreased gastrocnemius temporal muscle activation during gait in elderly women with history of recurrent falls

“…The aim of which would be to initiate the rotation of the foot, to restrict the extension of the hip and ankle dorsiflexion and to allow knee Table 2 Mean (SD) of the groups, mean (95% CI) and p value of the difference between groups for muscle activity, latency and cycle parameters of the 88 elderly participants. extension in the support phase [22]. Based on these, it could be expected that the recurrent fallers group would compensate for the shorter GAS activation by increasing the SOL muscle activation for a longer period of time, but such a difference between groups did not occur.…”

“…In the absence of both, an increase in the activity of the femoral biceps and adductor longus and shorter activity of the tibialis anterior muscle would occur [22]. The aim of which would be to initiate the rotation of the foot, to restrict the extension of the hip and ankle dorsiflexion and to allow knee Table 2 Mean (SD) of the groups, mean (95% CI) and p value of the difference between groups for muscle activity, latency and cycle parameters of the 88 elderly participants.…”

Gait compensations caused by foot deformity in cerebral palsy

“…Where this was not present, compensation strategies were necessarily adopted. Jonkers et al [3] used computer modelling to predict the effect of deficiency in activity of one muscle on overall movement patterns, and on the activity of other muscles. Results suggest that gait requires interplay of muscle activations, so that compensation for lack of activity in one muscle is unlikely to be fully addressed by increasing activation in any other single muscle.…”

The human gluteus maximus and its role in running

“…Most of these studies hypothesize that the human GM functions either to extend and stabilize the hip, and/or to control flexion of the trunk relative to the stance leg during bipedal standing and walking (e.g. Washburn, 1951;Le Gros Clark, 1967;Lovejoy, 1988;Wolpoff, 2000;Anderson and Pandy, 2003;Jonkers et al, 2003a;Jonkers et al, 2003b). Importantly, there have also been many EMG studies of in vivo GM function in humans.…”