2021
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204
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The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance

Abstract: Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could c… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(28 citation statements)
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References 166 publications
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“…To adapt to stress conditions including heat stress, it is necessary for plant cells to properly balance amounts of ATP, reductants and carbon via modulating functions of the chloroplasts and mitochondria ( Figure 3 ) [ 145 ]. In the chloroplasts, conditions that accelerate the oxygenase activity of RUBISCO lead to high demand of ATP relative to NADPH [ 146 , 147 , 148 ].…”
Section: Integration Between Signals In the Chloroplasts And Mitochon...mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 3 more Smart Citations
“…To adapt to stress conditions including heat stress, it is necessary for plant cells to properly balance amounts of ATP, reductants and carbon via modulating functions of the chloroplasts and mitochondria ( Figure 3 ) [ 145 ]. In the chloroplasts, conditions that accelerate the oxygenase activity of RUBISCO lead to high demand of ATP relative to NADPH [ 146 , 147 , 148 ].…”
Section: Integration Between Signals In the Chloroplasts And Mitochon...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the chloroplasts, conditions that accelerate the oxygenase activity of RUBISCO lead to high demand of ATP relative to NADPH [ 146 , 147 , 148 ]. In this case, a shortage of ATP relative to NADPH generation by the electron transport chain in the chloroplasts results in excess accumulation of stromal NADPH [ 145 ]. To shuttle excess reductants from the stroma of the chloroplasts, NADPH is consumed by the reduction of oxaloacetate to form malate.…”
Section: Integration Between Signals In the Chloroplasts And Mitochon...mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The transition had its many challenges for the land plants, forcing them to evolve again and again through key innovations, for instance evolution of specialized cells, tissues, and organs, to enhance their survival chances and reproduction ( Bowman, 2013 ). Mitochondria are essential double-membrane-bound subcellular compartments that are often regarded as the cell’s ‘powerhouse’, since the majority of the energy required to maintain cellular activities is provided by mitochondria through aerobic respiration in the form of ATP; however, in green plants, chloroplasts and mitochondria work in tight coordination to provide cellular energy ( Chadee et al , 2021 ). At present we have sufficient evidence to believe that eukaryotes are the product of a fusion between an aerobic prokaryotic cell, a relative of modern α-proteobacteria, and a host archaeon ( Martijn et al , 2018 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%