The complete functional characterisation of the terpene synthase family in tomato

Abstract

Analysis of the updated reference tomato genome found 34 full-length TPS genes and 18 TPS pseudogenes.Biochemical analysis has now identified the catalytic activities of all enzymes encoded by the 34 TPS genes: one isoprene synthase, 10 exclusively or predominantly monoterpene synthases, 17 sesquiterpene synthases and six diterpene synthases. Among the monoterpene and sesquiterpene and diterpene synthases, some use trans-prenyl diphosphates, some use cisprenyl diphosphates and some use both. The isoprene synthase is cytosolic; six monoterpene synthases are plastidic, and four are cytosolic; the sesquiterpene synthases are almost all cytosolic, with the exception of one found in the mitochondria; and three diterpene synthases are found in the plastids, one in the cytosol and two in the mitochondria.New trans-prenyltransferases (TPTs) were characterised; together with previously characterised TPTs and cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs), tomato plants can make all cis and trans C 10 , C 15 and C 20 prenyl diphosphates. Every type of plant tissue examined expresses some TPS genes and some TPTs and CPTs. Phylogenetic comparison of the TPS genes from tomato and Arabidopsis shows expansions in each clade of the TPS gene family in each lineage (and inferred losses), accompanied by changes in subcellular localisations and substrate specificities.

Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato

“…In our study, the foliar emissions of all stored monoterpenes were correlated to each other. In particular, β-phellandrene, δ-2-carene, and α-terpinene emissions were highly correlated, which is consistent with their common production by a single tomato terpene synthase (TPS20) that is predominantly active in the plastids of young and mature leaf and stem glandular trichomes [34]. Less good, although still significant, were their correlations with the emissions of α-pinene, which is produced in the same tissues, but by another plastidic enzyme (TPS9).…”

A Trichome-Specific, Plastid-Localized Tanacetum cinerariifolium Nudix Protein Hydrolyzes the Natural Pyrethrin Pesticide Biosynthetic Intermediate trans-Chrysanthemyl Diphosphate

“…AtNudix11 showed no activity with several prenyl diphosphates but its substrate has not yet been identified (Schilmiller et al, 2012;Henry et al, 2018). No biochemical characterizations of AtNudix2 and AtNudix15 have been performed (Schilmiller et al, 2012;Li J. et al, 2019;Zhou and Pichersky, 2020). phosphate of IPP and DMAPP, as well as AtNudix5, 6, 11, and 15, for which no prenyl diphosphatase activity was demonstrated (Schilmiller et al, 2012;Henry et al, 2018;Li J. et al, 2019;Zhou and Pichersky, 2020), indicate that all of these sequences share two short conserved sequences in the center of the amino acid chains (boxed areas in Figure 2).…”

“…No biochemical characterizations of AtNudix2 and AtNudix15 have been performed (Schilmiller et al, 2012;Li J. et al, 2019;Zhou and Pichersky, 2020). phosphate of IPP and DMAPP, as well as AtNudix5, 6, 11, and 15, for which no prenyl diphosphatase activity was demonstrated (Schilmiller et al, 2012;Henry et al, 2018;Li J. et al, 2019;Zhou and Pichersky, 2020), indicate that all of these sequences share two short conserved sequences in the center of the amino acid chains (boxed areas in Figure 2). However, TcNudix1 shares a much more extensive sequence identity with RhNudix1 and AtNudix1 -the two proteins shown to hydrolyze prenyl diphosphates (63.5% and 50% identities, respectively) -than with the four other Nudix proteins, which have either been shown not to have prenyl diphosphate hydrolyzing activity or have not been biochemically characterized (<20%).…”

Under Fire –simultaneous Volatilome and Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Fine-scale Responses of Tansy Chemotypes to Dual Herbivore Attack

“…The high homology of individual TPS genes to known and enzymatically characterised TPS does not imply that the enzymes annotated in tansy have the same biosynthesis products [8,[49][50][51]. In order to make a conclusive statement about the enzyme activity of the putative TPS, we are aware that each gene must be expressed heterologously and subjected to biochemical function analysis [52][53][54][55].…”