The complete genome and genetic characteristics of SRV-4 isolated from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Abstract

At least 5 serotypes of exogenous simian retrovirus type D (SRV/D) have been found in nonhuman primates, but only SRV-1, 2 and 3 have been completely sequenced. SRV-4 was recovered once from cynomolgus macaques in California in 1984, but its genome sequences are unknown. Here we report the second identification of SRV-4 and its complete genome from infected cynomolgus macaques with Indochinese and Indonesian/Indochinese mixed ancestry. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SRV-4 was distantly related to SRV-1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. SRV/D-T, a new SRV/D recovered in 2005 from cynomolgus monkeys at Tsukuba Primate Center in Japan, clustered with the SRV-4 isolates from California and Texas and was shown to be another occurrence of SRV-4 infection. The repeated occurrence of SRV-4 in cynomolgus monkeys in different areas of the world and across 25 years suggests that this species is the natural host of SRV-4.

SHAPE analysis of the 5′ end of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) genomic RNA reveals structural elements required for genome dimerization

“…1A,B). It is present in the SHAPE-validated (Sonigo et al 1986), M11841.1 (Power et al 1986), AF126467.1 (Marracci et al 1995), FJ979638.1 (Zao et al 2010), and AB611707.1 (Takano et al 2013), respectively. structure of the gRNA (Fig.…”

ComprehensiveIn VitroAnalysis of Simian Retrovirus Type 4 Susceptibility to Antiretroviral Agents

“…Extensive investigations revealed that this illness was caused by an infection with an SRV/D known as simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4) (5; M. Okamoto et al, unpublished data). SRV-4 has been reported to be distantly related to other SRV/Ds, including SRV-1, -2, -3, -5, -6, and -7; e.g., the previously isolated SRV-4 showed genome sequence similarities of 78, 76, and 74% to SRV-1, -2, and -3, respectively (6). Although there is more than 80% amino acid sequence identity between Gag, Prt, and Pol of SRV-4 and SRV-1, -2, or -3, the Env sequence of SRV-4 is relatively diverse (67 to 74%) compared to other SRV/Ds (6).…”

“…SRV-4 has been reported to be distantly related to other SRV/Ds, including SRV-1, -2, -3, -5, -6, and -7; e.g., the previously isolated SRV-4 showed genome sequence similarities of 78, 76, and 74% to SRV-1, -2, and -3, respectively (6). Although there is more than 80% amino acid sequence identity between Gag, Prt, and Pol of SRV-4 and SRV-1, -2, or -3, the Env sequence of SRV-4 is relatively diverse (67 to 74%) compared to other SRV/Ds (6). Although SRV-4 asymptomatically infects cynomolgus monkeys (7), SRV-4 infection of Japanese macaques has not been reported to date.…”

Isolation and DNA characterization of a simian retrovirus 5 from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

“…Additionally, SRV-T, SRV-6 and SRV-7, have been identified, based on the results of phylogenetic analyses (Hara et al, 2005;Nandi et al, 2000Nandi et al, , 2006. SRV-T was reported as a virus strain of SRV-4 based on sequencing analysis (White et al, 2009;Zao et al, 2010).Only one SRV virus strain, D2/RHE/OR, has been isolated from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) at the Washington National Primate Research Center (Giddens et al, 1985). The D2/RHE/OR and closely related SRV-2 strains (SRV-2B) have also been identified in endemic infections of pig-tail monkeys (M. nemestrina), cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) in the Washington and Oregon National Primate Research Center (Bryant et al, 1986;Grant et al, 1995;Hefti et al, 1983;Marracci et al, 1995 Marracci et al, , 1999 PhilippStaheli et al, 2006;Stromberg et al, 1984).…”