The complete genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544T, a food-borne pathogen, isolated from a child’s throat

Kim, Seongok; Kim, You‐Tae; Yoon, Hyunjin; Lee, Ju-Hoon; Ryu, Sangryeol

doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0150-0

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Interestingly, phage T4 encodes a tightly regulated and almost complete nucleotide biosynthesis pathway that reflects the low GC content of T4 DNA [55,56]. Similarly, the S144 genes encoding for the pyrimidine pathway may allow the phage to synthetize a genome with a lower GC content (45.8%) compared to its hosts, S. enterica (approximatively 52%) [57] and C. sakazakii (approximatively 57%) [58]. When it comes to transcription, phage S144 uses the host RNA polymerase to initiate transcription of its own genes, like phages T4 and Lambda do [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phage S144, a New Polyvalent Phage Infecting Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter sakazakii

Gambino

Sørensen

Ahern

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Phages are generally considered species- or even strain-specific, yet polyvalent phages are able to infect bacteria from different genera. Here, we characterize the novel polyvalent phage S144, a member of the Loughboroughvirus genus. By screening 211 Enterobacteriaceae strains, we found that phage S144 forms plaques on specific serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and on Cronobacter sakazakii. Analysis of phage resistant mutants suggests that the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide is the phage receptor in both bacterial genera. The S144 genome consists of 53,628 bp and encodes 80 open reading frames (ORFs), but no tRNA genes. In total, 32 ORFs coding for structural proteins were confirmed by ESI-MS/MS analysis, whereas 45 gene products were functionally annotated within DNA metabolism, packaging, nucleotide biosynthesis and phage morphogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage S144 is a myovirus, with a prolate head and short tail fibers. The putative S144 tail fiber structure is, overall, similar to the tail fiber of phage Mu and the C-terminus shows amino acid similarity to tail fibers of otherwise unrelated phages infecting Cronobacter. Since all phages in the Loughboroughvirus genus encode tail fibers similar to S144, we suggest that phages in this genus infect Cronobacter sakazakii and are polyvalent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promoter host and score calculated by PhagePromoter are available in the full annnotation table, available as Supplementary material. Putative spanins have been identified with the spanin tools in CPT Galaxy and curated as suggested by Kongari [58,80]. The genome was visualised with DNA Plotter [81].…”

Section: Genome Assembly and Bioinformatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage S144, a New Polyvalent Phage Infecting Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter sakazakii

Gambino

Sørensen

Ahern

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…In the presence of predisposing factors, the strains that produce the pore-forming NetB toxin can lead to the production of necrotic enteritis, as this toxin is essential for the disease to occur when predisposing factors are present ( Rood et al., 2018 ). Recent reports have shown that the pathogenesis and virulence of C. perfringens are also controlled by other genes or loci ( Coursodon et al., 2012 ; Zhou et al., 2017 ) and these factors could contribute to the different severity levels of the NE disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of intestinal genes in necrotic enteritis challenged broiler chickens with 2 different Clostridium perfringens strains

et al. 2021

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The primary cause of necrotic enteritis ( NE ) disease in chickens is the NetB-positive Clostridium perfringens bacterium. Many factors are known to affect the severity of NE in the challenge models of broiler chickens, and one of these factors is the virulence of C. perfringens strain. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 pathogenic C. perfringens strains in a NE challenge model on gut health and mRNA expression of genes encoding apoptosis, tight junction, immunity, and nutrient transporters in broilers. Day-old Ross-308 male broilers ( n = 468) were allocated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with in-feed antibiotics (no or yes) and challenge (Non, C. perfringens strain NE18, and C. perfringens strain NE36) as the factors. The birds in the challenged groups were inoculated with Eimeria species on day 9 and with a fresh suspension of C. perfringens NE18 or NE36 on day 14 and 15. Sample collection was performed on 2 birds of each pen on day 16. Necrotic enteritis challenge, impaired feed conversion ratio during day 0 to 16 compared with the control group where the effect of the NE36 challenge was more severe than that with NE18 ( P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of mucin-2, immunoglobulin-G, occludin ( P < 0.001), and tight junction protein-1 ( P < 0.05) genes were downregulated in both challenged groups compared with the nonchallenged counterparts. Antibiotic supplementation, on the other hand, increased weight gain, and feed intake in all challenged birds ( P < 0.01), but upregulated mucin-5ac and alanine, serine, cysteine, and threonine transporter-1 ( P < 0.05) only in the NE18 challenged birds. The challenge with NE36 significantly upregulated caspase-8 and claudin-1 ( P < 0.001), but downregulated glucose transporter-2 ( P < 0.001) compared with the NE18 challenge. These results suggest that NE challenge is detrimental to the performance of broilers through compromised intestinal health, and different C. perfringens strains can affect the severity of the disease through modulating the expression of intestinal genes encoding proteins responsible for apoptosis, gut integrity, immunity, mucus production, and nutrient transporters.

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“…The genus Cronobacter currently contains seven species, namely C. malonaticus, C. turicensis, C. muytjensii, C. dublinensis, C. condimenti, C. universalis, and C. sakazakii. Cronobacter sakazakii is widely regarded as an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening invasive infections, particularly in neonates (13)(14)(15) and the elderly (16). Clinical manifestations include necrotizing enterocolitis, septicemia, and meningitis, with fatality rates as high as 80% being reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptional Overview of Xerotolerance in Cronobacter sakazakii SP291

Srikumar

Cao

Yan

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cronobacter sakazakii is a xerotolerant neonatal pathogen epidemiologically linked to powdered infant food formula, often resulting in high mortality rates. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to provide transcriptional insights into the survival of C. sakazakii in desiccated conditions. Our RNA-seq data show that about 22% of the total C. sakazakii genes were significantly upregulated and 9% were downregulated during desiccation survival. When reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the RNA-seq data, we found that the primary desiccation response was gradually downregulated during the tested 4 hours of desiccation, while the secondary response remained constitutively upregulated. The 4-hour desiccation tolerance of C. sakazakii was dependent on the immediate microenvironment surrounding the bacterial cell. The removal of Trypticase soy broth (TSB) salts and the introduction of sterile infant formula residues in the microenvironment enhanced the desiccation survival of C. sakazakii SP291. The trehalose biosynthetic pathway encoded by otsA and otsB, a prominent secondary bacterial desiccation response, was highly upregulated in desiccated C. sakazakii. C. sakazakii SP291 ΔotsAB was significantly inhibited compared with the isogenic wild type in an 8-hour desiccation survival assay, confirming the physiological importance of trehalose in desiccation survival. Overall, we provide a comprehensive RNA-seq-based transcriptional overview along with confirmation of the phenotypic importance of trehalose metabolism in Cronobacter sakazakii during desiccation. IMPORTANCE Cronobacter sakazakii is a pathogen of importance to neonatal health and is known to persist in dry food matrices, such as powdered infant formula (PIF) and its associated production environment. When infections are reported in neonates, mortality rates can be high. The success of this bacterium in surviving these low-moisture environments suggests that Cronobacter species can respond to a variety of environmental signals. Therefore, understanding those signals that aid the persistence of this pathogen in these ecological niches is an important step toward the development of strategies to reduce the risk of contamination of PIF. This research led to the identification of candidate genes that play a role in the persistence of this pathogen in desiccated conditions and, thereby, serve as a model target to design future strategies to mitigate PIF-associated survival of C. sakazakii.

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The complete genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544T, a food-borne pathogen, isolated from a child’s throat

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Phage S144, a New Polyvalent Phage Infecting Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter sakazakii

Phage S144, a New Polyvalent Phage Infecting Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter sakazakii

Differential expression of intestinal genes in necrotic enteritis challenged broiler chickens with 2 different Clostridium perfringens strains

RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptional Overview of Xerotolerance in Cronobacter sakazakii SP291

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