The Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma bovis Strain Hubei-1

Abstract

Infection by Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) can induce diseases, such as pneumonia and otitis media in young calves and mastitis and arthritis in older animals. Here, we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of M. bovis strain Hubei-1, a strain isolated in 2008 that caused calf pneumonia on a Chinese farm. The genome of M. bovis strain Hubei-1 contains a single circular chromosome of 953,114 bp with a 29.37% GC content. We identified 803 open reading frames (ORFs) that occupy 89.5% of the genome. While 34 ORFs were Hubei-1 specific, 662 ORFs had orthologs in the M. bovis type strain PG45 genome. Genome analysis validated lateral gene transfer between M. bovis and the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, while phylogenetic analysis found that the closest M. bovis neighbor is Mycoplasma agalactiae. Glycerol may be the main carbon and energy source of M. bovis, and most of the biosynthesis pathways were incomplete. We report that 47 lipoproteins, 12 extracellular proteins and 18 transmembrane proteins are phase-variable and may help M. bovis escape the immune response. Besides lipoproteins and phase-variable proteins, genomic analysis found two possible pathogenicity islands, which consist of four genes and 11 genes each, and several other virulence factors including hemolysin, lipoate protein ligase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, extracellular cysteine protease and 5′-nucleotidase.

Integrative Conjugative Elements Are Widespread in Field Isolates of Mycoplasma Species Pathogenic for Ruminants

“…S1 in the supplemental material). The vestigial ICE harbored by M. agalactiae PG2, vICEA PG2 , appeared more similar to ICEM GM12 than to ICEA 5632 : the overall nucleotide identity was higher (Table 1), and vICEA PG2 displayed (14). For calculating the identity percentage, the IS elements were removed from ICEA 5632 -IV and ICEB PG45 -2.…”

“…As well, vICEB PG45 -1 of M. bovis PG45 had a higher overall nucleotide identity with ICEM GM12 than with ICEB PG45 -2 (Table 1) and also harbored CDSs found only in ICEs of the spiroplasma type (i.e., CDS3, CDS33, CDS18, and CDSZ). These characteristics are shared by the vICEs carried by the 2 recently sequenced genomes from M. bovis isolates from China, namely, those of strains Hubei (14) and HB0801 (15), both having a unique highly conserved vICE similar to vICEB-1 PG45 (97% global identity). Finally, sequence comparison showed that vICEA 5632 -IV and vICEA 5632 -V are of the spiroplasma type whereas the remote CDS1 and CDSE of both M. bovis Hubei and M. bovis HB0801 are of the hominis type.…”

“…Since then, data reporting the presence of ICEs in ruminant mycoplasmas have started to increase due to ongoing efforts in genome sequencing. ICEs were predicted in the genomes of M. bovis (14)(15)(16) and two subspecies of the M. mycoides cluster: M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. capricolum subsp.…”

Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma bovis in mastitic dairy cattle by PCR and culture methods

“…P48 is a membranous lipoprotein of slightly lower than 48kDa that is homologous to the family of the Macrophage Activator Lipoproteins (MALPs) and it is coded via a conserved sequences specific to the M. bovis species (Wawegama et al, 2014), so the sequence of M. bovis strain PG45 under accession number of CP002188 was selected (Wise et al, 2011) to compare with the strains detected in this study. The encoding gene sequence of lipoprotein P48 is recorded as accession numbers of DQ020481 and DQ020482 at Gene Bank (Lysnyansky et al, 2008) and it is known as one of the virulence factors of M. bovis species (Li et al, 2011). As the P48 gene is well conserved in all M. bovis strains, primers with high sensitivity and specificity were designed (Fu et al, 2014), and used for the amplification of P48 gene.…”

Genome sequences of Bacteria and Archaea published outside of Standards in Genomic Sciences, June – September 2011

“…Mycoplasma bovis Strain Hubei-1, sequence accession CP002513 [85] Mycoplasma fermentans Strain M64, sequence accession NC_014921 [86] Haloplasma contractile, sequence accession AFNU00000000 [87] Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Strain SC01, sequence accession AFHO01000000 [88] Phylum Actinobacteria…”