Lutjanus fulgens
(Valenciennes, 1830) is a teleost species classified under the family Lutjanidae which is a native of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Though highly commercialized due to its abundance and good taste, the production output has declined in recent years. This is an indication of the need for effective management and conservation measures. However, accurate species identification will ensure strategic management and conservation measure. DNA‐based species identification has proven its reliability in this regard via precise species identification. Several researchers have confirmed the accuracy of DNAbarcode as a species identification tool as well as species phylogeny analysis based on both the complete mitogenome and
COI
gene. Currently, nine specimens of
L. fulgens
were sampled from Ghana and subjected to DNA‐based analysis, namely, complete mitochondrial DNAand
COI
gene (DNA barcoding) analyses. The mitogenomic result revealed that
L. fulgens
is made up of a 16,500 base pairs (bp) mtDNA which consists of 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein‐coding genes, and two ribosomal RNAs (GenBank Accession Number: MN398650). Furthermore, a sequence polymorphism analysis of the
COI
gene (MN986442–MN986450) detected two haplotypes. These haplotypes were both collected from the same fish landing site which suggests a possible cryptic linage diversity in the
L. fulgens
population at Vodza. According to the phylogeny examination, a close taxonomic relationship exists between
L. fulgens
and
Lutjanus buccanella
caused by a recent evolution termed as sympatric speciation. This study serves as a novel study for this species, building the foundation for future molecular‐based study for this species and as a DNA barcode reference data.