The complete mitochondrial genome of a non-biting midge Polypedilum unifascium (Tokunaga, 1938) (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Abstract

The complete mitochondrial genome of Polypedilum unifascium (Diptera: Chironomidae) was determined by Illumina sequencing technology. The whole mitogenome is 16,452 bp in length with an A þ T bias of 79.3%, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). All PCGs start with ATN codon and use TAA as the stop codon. Gene arrangement of the 13 PCGs is identical to that of other known Chironomidae mitochondrial genomes. The resultant Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood trees based on the sequence data of 13 PCGs support its close relationship with P. vanderplanki.

First Report on Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement in Non-Biting Midges, Revealing a Synapomorphy in Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae)

“…3CZ (Supplementary Table S3). The highest and lowest frequent codon families are Phe and Cys, respectively (Supplementary Figure S1), which is congruent with those of previously published chironomid species [32][33][34][35]. The Ka/Ks value (ω) is used to test for signatures of natural selection.…”

“…Published mitogenome data of Chironomid are relatively rare compared with other insects of Diptera. Previous studies have focused on the genome organization and the application of nucleotide sequence information in phylogenetic analysis [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. However, mitochondrial gene rearrangement has never been reported in the Dipteran family Chironomidae.…”

New Mitogenomes of the Polypedilum Generic Complex (Diptera: Chironomidae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Implications

“…The nucleotide composition of the newly reported mitogenomes were similar ( Table 2 ), revealing the characteristic AT-biased composition in Chironomidae and other insects [ 2 , 3 , 10 , 25 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The AT content of the mitochondrial genomes ranged from 75.98% ( Stictochironomus akizukii ) to 79.94% ( Phaenopsectra flavipes ; Figure 2 ; Table 2 ).…”

“…However, mitogenomes resources of the Polypedilum generic complex are rare. To date, only a few mitogenomes in the Polypedilum generic complex were available, representing only the genera Polypedilum and Stictochironomus [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae)

“…Benefiting from the advances of high‐throughput sequencing technology, an increasing number of complete mitogenomes have been sequenced among the Diptera (Kang et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Miao et al, 2020 ; Ramakodi et al, 2015 ; Tang, Yan, et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ), and have been widely used for mitochondrial structure comparison and phylogenetic analysis at different taxonomic levels (Chen et al, 2018 ; de Oliveira Aragão et al, 2019 ; Yan et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Zhang, Kang, et al, 2019 ). Prior to this study, rare mitogenomes of Chironomidae were available (Beckenbach, 2012 ; Deviatiiarov et al, 2017 ; Fang et al, 2022 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ; Kim et al, 2016 ; Kong et al, 2021 ; Lei et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2020 ; Zhang, Xu, et al, 2019 ; Zheng et al, 2022 ; Zheng et al, 2021 ), limiting our understanding of their mitochondrial structure and phylogenetic pattern. Besides, it is still unknown whether mitogenomes can effectively resolve phylogenetic relationships at different levels within Chironomidae.…”